152 THE KNTOMOLOGIST'S RKCOKD. 



margined by black, angular and wavy lines. In the discal area a row 

 of indistinct small spots ; that in front of the middle of the inter- 

 mediate area circular, with white, or whitish centre. This inter- 

 mediate area, which in typical pales is usually quite yellow, here — just 

 as in arsllache —is only brighter than the rest of the distal portion of 

 the wing. On the distal margin stands a row of small silver spots, 

 the rest of the wing area is somewhat sparsely silver-spotted ; 

 occasionally there is only one round spot at the base behind the 

 median, and a longish spot; at the end of the cell. Prom B males of 

 the consignment, Gellwara Coll., Herr Rangnow." 



" This form produces a bright, fiery impression, and was first 

 captured flying over a swamp by Rangnow as a CJuijfiopIianus. 

 In one of the original specimens the spots in the middle area 

 of the forewings are completely coalescent. It has altered my 

 opinion. I Avonder whether the specimens here are the same as the 

 examples identified as arsilache from other places in the adjoining 

 Arctic regions, for I consider this as probable. Also I do not feel 

 justified in stating whether this newly described form belongs to a 

 local subspecies, or has varied hoxnlapponica on account of locality and 

 environment, as Staudinger says. He writes, Stett. e. Zeit., 1861, 

 p. 347 : " Arsilache is the form occurring in wet swaiups, equally 

 whether these lie in the open country' or on the mountains ; pales on 

 the other hand comes only from Alpine meadows, which in the far 

 north are elevated in various places but little above the level of the 

 sea." " Towards the end of June we caught the first typical arsilache, 

 and always indeed on moist swamps, rather grass- than heath-swamps. 

 In the neighbourhood of such swamps and on the grassy meadows 

 adjoining both forms also flew together, but I never took a pales in 

 the middle of a swamp nor an arsilache in the middle of a dry 

 meadow." 



" Two males of var. lapponica lie before me from Floifjeld and 

 Svendborg (Norway), they are dun- brown with scantier marking and 

 smaller spots, I can make out no valid apparent distinction from single 

 individuals from Switzerland ; here, as in many cases of artificial race 

 determination, the personal factor must have come in. 



" As an illustration of the variability of the species, there comes into 

 my mind also such a form from Upper Bavaria (3 males of my collec- 

 tion from Berchtesgaden, above 1,200 metres). These are distinguished 

 by their size (forewings 20mm.), slender, angular wing-form, vivid 

 ■ reddish-brown ground colour, black basal powdering of the hindwings 

 broad and extended up to the anal angle, very strongly red- brown 

 coloured underside (darker than in the described northern form), and 

 abundant silver spotting on it. I limit myself to the statement of 

 these characters because my material appears too small to demonstrate 

 a local characteristic and a racial qualification of the form." 



Herr Stichel then referred to the various other melanistic forms 

 which have been described. 



" Strand states that pales occurs at Tromsoe as var, arsilache, and 

 that form lapponica var. napaea was first met with in S. Norway. 

 {Ber. Nat., Ver. Re/jens., vii., 1,98-9.) 



" Sven Lampa records also var. isis from Lapmark, Dalarne and 

 Norway, but he appears to have had var. na})aea. [Ent. Tid., 1885.) 



" Schilde mentions bright, blue-red glistening examples with 



