182 



THE ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 



areas ; in each group the extent of the black pattern increases from 

 left to right : — 



A. 



Central 



Europe. 



B. 



Southern 



Europe. 



larmoricana, 



\ Obth. suhruMda, 



1 [II. gen. Vrty. 



\ didyma,'Es'g.'\ 



( 



bosphorana, 

 Culot. 

 [II. gen. ro- 

 wiawo, Calb.] 

 [dalmatiiia, 

 Stdgr.] 



rubida, 



Vrty. 



meridionalis, protea, 



Stdgr. Vrty. 



d. 



alpina, 



Stdgr. 

 subalpin a, 

 Vrty. 



apennini- 

 gena,Yrtj. 



nigroru- 

 bida,YT:tj. 



graeca, 



Stdgr. 

 palustris, 



Vrty. 



patycosana, 



Trti. 



neeraefor- 



mis, Vrty. 



C. ideserticola, mauretanica, 

 Africa and J Obth. Obth. 

 Southern I [II. gen. oe- abyssinica, 



Spain. ( casus, Vrty. - Obth. 



D. Ipersea, Koll. 



Southern J ?'o6erisi, Btl. neera, . caucasica, 



Russia and 1 lilliputana, F. d. W. Stdgr. 



W. Asia, i Obth. 



A. Black pattern equally extensive on the whole surface of fore- and 



hindwing and on both surfaces ; male of a deep fox-red from 

 group c to e. 



B. Tendency to lesser extent of black pattern in basal and median 



portion of hindwing and on underside ; these characters do not 

 exist in group e; the male is deeply coloured only in part of 

 group e ; otherwise always of a more or less light bright 

 fulvous. 



C. Tendency to lesser extent of black pattern in the basal and in the 



exterior portion of fore- and hindwing on upper-side. 



D. Tendency to lesser extent of black pattern in basal and median 



portion of fore- and hindwing ; tendency to elongated and 

 acuminated wings as in most Asiatic races. 

 N.B. — The characters mentioned above become more and more 

 marked from e to a. 



a. Races of the more arid localities ; frail ; all the black pattern of upper- 



side very reduced and ground-colour pale ochreous ; sexual 

 dimorphism very inconspicuous. All the second generation. 



b. Black pattern nearly entirely obliterated in basal portion of hind- 



wing on upper-side and in a general way more extensive than 

 in a, less so than in c. 



c. Black pattern visible on the whole surface of the wings on upper- 



side. 



d. Mountain races, with extensive black pattern, especially in female, 



producing marked sexual dimorphism. 



e. Races of damp localities, large and robust, with black pattern 



more extensive in male, often less so in female than in d. 



Melitaea plioebe, Knoch, race tusca, mihi and second gen. pauper, 

 mihi or emipauper mihi ; race nigroalternans, mihi ; race monilata, 

 mihi ; race emipunica, mihi. This species, like the preceding, pro- 

 duces very marked individual, seasonal, and geographical variation, 

 but in this case the races do not form groups corresponding to their 



