SEASONAL POI.YMOHPHISM. 



183 



distribution ; thej^ are local, and even th(3 extreme types may be found 

 in localities not far apart. If they be tabulated so that the extent of 

 the black pattern increases from above downwards and the deepness 

 or the brightness of the fulvous ground-colour increases from left to 

 right, they fall as follows : — 



A. B. C. D. E. 



[II. gen. pauper, 



Vrty.] 



ogygia, Frhst. 



telona, Frhst. 



aetlierea, Ev. emipauper, Vrty. 



ttisea, Vrty. 

 plioebe, Knoeh. 

 ornata, Christ. monilata, Vrty. 



occitanica,St6gr. 

 emipunica, Yrtj. 



punica, Obth. caucasicoZa, Vrty. 



alternans, Seitz. 

 nigroalternans , 

 Vrty. 



A. Pale ochreous ; B. Very pale fulvous alternated with deep reddish 

 fulvous ; C. Pale fulvous ; D. Fulvous ; E. Deep reddish fulvous or 

 very bright ditto. 



The race of Central Italy differs from that of CentraJ Europe in 

 having generally a much brighter and warmer ground-colour, although 

 in the extreme males it varies from deep chestnut to light fulvous ; 

 the black pattern is much lesser in extent and in some specimens very 

 reduced indeed ; the race by these characters comes near aetlierea, Ev., 

 of S. Russia, but is brighter and never so large ; a few individuals of 

 the first gen. are, however, quite similar to it and might be called 

 AETHEREAEFORMis, as they contrast with the rest by their dull ground- 

 colour and very reduced black pattern ; such is specimen N. 2 of my 

 series from Florence. The second brood of this locality is one of the 

 most distinct forms of the species and would alone justify its being 

 separated as a race; whereas the first brood measures 35-38mm. in 

 expanse in the male and 40-42mm. in the female, the second only 

 measures '29-34mm. and 33-37mm. respectively; the narrow, elongated 

 and acuminated wings give it a still smaller and frailer look, distin- 

 guishing it from ofu/gia, Frhst., of Greece, and telona, Frhst., of Syria, 

 which it otherwise resembles by its very pale ochreous ground-colour 

 and by the extremely reduced extent of the black pattern ; it must also 

 be noted that the types of both belonged to the first brood. In some 

 localities in Tuscany the seasonal dimorphism is distinctly less marked, 

 the second brood bemg intermediate between those jusl described. I 

 should call the race tusca and the second brood pauper or emipaufer 

 respectively. Individuals with marked black dots across the hindwing 

 above, as in cinxia,-'- might be called cinxioides ; in Tuscany they are 

 found in 6% of the males and 50% of the females, thus being probably 

 a recessive character. 



In some Alpine valleys, such as at Bard (Mont Cenis), wherefrom I 

 possess it, a really magnificent race is found, which is like alternans, 

 Seitz, on account of the alternately pale yellow and deep mahogany- 



* It was so named by Muschamp, Bull. Soc. Lep. Geneve (1905), I. p. 69, pi. i. 

 fig. 3.— [G.W.] 



