130 Y4. Avena. 10. GRAMINE^. Plend,ph. 



a. Locustoi 2-Jiowered. 



1. Avena sat'iva. Cultivated oat. 



Panicle loose ; locustcc drooping, 2-fruited ; cariopsides 

 smooth, husked; upper Jiowret awnless. 

 Avena alba, Raii Syn. 389, 1. 

 Avena vesca, Ger. em. 68; Park. 1134- 

 A%'ena sativa, Lin. S. P. 

 White oats. 



Cultivated in fields, principally in the northern parts ; 

 annual; June, July. 



Culm 4 feet high ; glumelles whitish. 



Seeds used in the south for the food of horses, but in 

 the north they are ground and the meal used either for 

 bread, or for gruel : they are also malted for making an 

 ale or a distilled spirit called whiskey : the ashes of the 

 straw used to polish marble. 



&. nigra. Glumelles blackish brown. 

 Avena nigra, Raii Syn. 389, 3. 

 Black oats. 



y. mutica. Flowrets all awnless. 



Avena vesca, Park. 1134. 



2". unijlora. Glumes 1 -flowered. 



Avena alba Scotica, seniine aiinplici, pediculo laxo pendente, Raii Syn. 

 389, 2. 



2. Avena orientalis. Eastern oats. 

 Panicle facing one way, contracted ; IqcustcB horizontal, 



parallel, 2-fruited; cariopsides husked, smooth; uppermost 

 Jiowret awnless. 



Avena orientalis, Schreber Spic. 52, 



Occurs along with the former species, but rarely. 

 jS. mutica, Flowrets all awnless. 



b. Locustce 3 or more-flowered. 



3. Avena nuda. Naked oat. 

 Panicle contracted, slender; locustce upright, 3-seeded; 



cariopsides smooth, free ; uppermost flowret awnless. 



Avena nuda, Raii Syn. 389, 6; Ger. cm. 75 ; Park. 1134. 

 Pills. Pitcorn. 



Cultivated in Cornwall, Staffordshire, and elsewhere; 

 annual ; July and August. 



Glumelles yellow ; flowrets very narrow. 



