224. 1. Pinus. 1. ABIETIDEiE. Pl.ex.mon. 



Pinus sylvestris foliis brevibus glaucis, conis parvis albentibus, Rail 

 Syn. 442. 



Pinus sylvestris, Ger. em. 1356 ; Lin, S. P. 1418. 

 Scotch Jir. Pineaster. 



Alpine mountains, also cultivated ; arborescent ; May. 



Trunk tall, straight, determinately branched, dark green ; 

 leaves smooth, pointed. — Wood used for timber, red or 

 yelloio deals; juice resinous, becoming solid ; lark used to 

 tan leather, and, mixed with meal, made into bread in the 

 Northern countries. 



II. 2. ABIES. Pliny. Fir. 



Monoicous. — Male. Anient solitary, not racemose; sta- 

 men 1, on the tip of the scales of the ament; anther 2-celled. 

 — Female. Ament simple; ovaries 2; stigmata 2, 3-cut; 

 lohes glandular ; scales of the cone imbricate, thin, rounded 

 £it the tip and not thickened ; back not umbilicated; coty- 

 ledons 3 to 9. — Trees very tall, conical ; buds large ; leaves 

 alternate, 2-rowed, scaly, large, acerose, linear; aments ter- 

 minating the secondary branches. 



a. Cones hanging down; leaves scattered. 



1. Ahies excelsa. Tall fir. 

 Leaves 'l-sided ; cones cylindrical ; scales rhomboidal, flat, 



edge torn and spread ; hractece minute. 



•Abies, Rail Sijri. 441, 1 : Ger. em. 13G3 ; Park. 1539. 

 Pinus Abies, Lin. S. P. 

 Abies excelsa, Satisb. T. L. S. 8, 314. 



Female, fir. Norway fir. Mast-tree. 



Cultivated for timber. 



Tree evergreen, straight ; lark rough, scaly, brown ; 

 Iranches verticillate. — Wood used for timber, white deals; 

 juice resinous, becoming solid. 



b. Cones upright; leaves 2-rowed. 



2. Abies pectinata. Tectinatejir. 

 Leaves fiat, nicked; scales of the cone very blunt, de- 

 pressed. 



Pinus Pifca, Lin. S. P. 1420. 



Piinis Abies, F/. 7J««. 193. 



Abies taxilolia, II. P. 



Abies pectinata, Be Cand. Syn. FL Fr. 2063. 



Silver fir. 



Cultivated for timber. 



Tree tall ; lark smooth, whitish. 



