Pl.ex.mon. 6. CORVLIDEiE. 10. Carpinus. 245 



2-celled. — Female. Cupula 1 or many-flowered; perigo- 

 nium adherent, many-toothed; ovary 1, many-celled; ovules 

 many ; style 2 or many-cut ; stigmata 2 or many ; cupula 

 containing 1 or many glands; glans or nncula 1-celled, 

 1 -seeded by abortion of the rest; kernel pendent; peri- 

 sperm ; corculum straight, central ; radicle adverse. — Stem 

 ligneous; leaves alternate, simple, stipuled, pinnately ribbed. 



Cupula open at top. 



Nucula angvAav i ament-scale ronwdiedi. . . Carpinus. 10. 



Nucula ovate ; ament-scale 3-lobed Corylus. 1 1 . 



Glans ovate; cupula cupshape Quercus. 12. 



Cupula closed, or valvular. 



Ament globose ; cupula hairy Fagus. 1 3. 



Ament linear ; cupula spinous ; fiowers 

 glomerated Castanea. 14. 



A. Cupula open at top. 



I. 10. CARPINUS. Pliny. Hornleam. 



Monoicous. — Male. Atnerit long, loose, cylindrical ; scales 

 ovate, pointed, concave, ciliated, imbricate; stamens 8 to 

 14; anthers bearded at the tip. — Female. Cupula 2-leaved, 

 very large, 3-lobed, reticulately veined, 2-flowered; peri~ 

 gonium 6-toothed, unequal, persistent ; ovary 2-celied, com- 

 pressed ; ovules 2, one abortive ; style 2, filiform ; stigmata 2 ; 

 nucula bony, angular, 1-celled. — Stem arborescent; aments 

 axillary and terminal ; cupula racemose. 



Carpinus ulmoides. Elmlike hornheam. 



Leaves of the cupula 3-parted ; lobes not cut, lanceolate, 

 middle one long. 



Ostrya ulmo sirailis fructu in utnbilicis foliaeeis, Raii Syn. 451. 



Betulus, sive Carpinus, Ger. em. 1479. 



Ostrjs, sive Ostrya, Park. 1406. 



Carpinus Betulus, Lin. S. P. 1416. 



Hornbeam. Hornbeech. Witch-hasel, Essex. Hardbeam. Yoke elm. 



Woods and hedges ; tree ; May. 



Bark white, smooth; leaves ovate, doubly serrate, pe- 

 tioled ; ament lateral, scales brown ; cupula terminal ; nucula 

 ribbed. — Inner bark dyes yellow ; wood white, very tough, 

 grows very hard like horn, used in millwork, burns like a 

 candle. 



