252 17. Lupulus. 9. URTlCEiE, Plex.rnon. 



membranaceous ; seed 1 ; shell crustaceous ; corculum 

 spiral; cotyledons linear. — Stem annual, twining, rough, 

 angular; leaves petioled, opposite, palmaLely ribbed, lobed 

 or not cut; stipule intrafoliaceous, reflex; Jiowers axillary 

 or terminal, peduncled, solitary. 



Liipidus communis. Common hop. 



Lupulus mas et fcemina, Rail Syn, 137. 

 Lupulus salictarius, Ger. em. 885. 

 Lupulus seu sativus, seu sylvestiis, Park. 1T6. 

 Humulus Lupulus, Lin. S. P. 1457. 

 Lupulus communis, Gcerln. 1,338. 



Woods and hedges ; also cultivated ; perennial ; July. 



Root branchy; stem very long; leaves cordate; stipules 

 not cut, rede's. I J'emale spike aromatic, bitter. — Stem makes 

 excellent cloth, cordage, and paper, if steeped all the win- 

 ter, then dried and dressed like hemp ; female flowers in- 

 fused in wort, or boiled with it, render the liquor bitter, 

 and prevent it growing sour so soon as otherwise it would ; 

 a pillow stufled with them produces sleep when opium fails; 

 and a tincture made with spirit of wine or brandy is in 

 general preferable to that of opium as a narcotic, although 

 inferior as a spasmodic ; young shoots eaten in spring as 

 asparagus ; a decoction of the roots, or an extract of them 

 is sudorific. 



The hopgrowers distinguish the garlick, long white, and 

 oval hop. 



II. 18. URTICA. Pliny. Nettle. 



Monoicous, rarely dioicous. — Male. Flowers racemose; 

 perigonium 4-parted ; stamens 4< ; filaments long, before 

 the anthesis curved ; barren pistill glandular, cyathiform. — 

 Female. Flowers racemose, rarely capitate ; perigonimn 

 2-sepaled; ovary 1, free; stigma 1, sessile, pubescent; ntri- 

 cvliLS rather inembranaceous, girded by the sepales ; seed 

 compressed; corculum straight; cntyledo7is Icaflike; radicle 

 above. — Herb generally covered with pungent, excretory 

 hairs; stem 4'-angular; /^aw.? petioled, stipuled, opposite, 

 rarely alternate, palmately ribbed ; flowers axillary. 



1. Urtica dioica. Dioicous iiettle. 



Ijeaves opposite, cordate, ovate, lanceolate, largely ser- 

 rated; racemes much branched, in pairs, longer than the 

 petiole ; plants mostly dioicous. 



