Pl.ex.cal. 39. COMPOSITE. 413 



times formed into a calathipliore. — Calyx very thin, adhe- 

 rent to the ovary ; apex simple or pappose ; corolla situated 

 on a gland at the top of the ovary, 5-lobed; lobes (or rather 

 soldered petals) having a simple rib on each side meeting 

 at the tip ; aestivation valvular ; stamens 5 ; Jilaments in- 

 serted into the corolla, attached to it at the base, alter- 

 nating with the lobes, formed of two joints, upper joint 

 very short; anthers 2-celled, 4-vaTved, opening lengthways, 

 soldered together by the outer valves into a tube; ovary 

 mostly pedicelled, simple, 3-celled; ovules 3; style 1, 2-cut; 

 stigmata 2, on the inner faces of the lobes of the style ; 

 collectors 2, on the outer faces; akenium 1-seeded by abor- 

 tion, naked or pappose; pappi scaly, hairy or feathery; 

 seeds upright; spermodermis very thin; perisperm 0, or 

 very thin; corculum straight; radicle below; cotyledons 

 flat, — Stem herbaceous; leaves mostly alternate. 



A. CiCHORACEiE. Flowers all ligulate, hermaphrodite ; 

 clinanthus scarcely fleshy ; stigmata papillous on the whole 

 inner faces of the branches ; collectors hairy on the whole 

 outer faces of the branches and upper part of the style. — 

 Plant mostly lactescent ; leaves alternate ; flowers yellow, 

 rarely blue, often meteoric. 



a. Pappus 0, w chaffy ; scales of the pericUne in a single 

 row ; involucrum small. 



Pappus 0; clinanthus naked Lapsana. 176. 



Pappus marginal, not cut ; 



clinanthus naked Arnoseris. 177. 



Pappus chaff}- ; chaffs 5 or many .... Cichorium. 193. 



b. Pappus hairlike or hristlelike, sessile; pericline imhricate. 



Pappus very soft ; akenium compressed ; 

 pericline bellied, imbricate Sonchus. 181. 



Pappus denticulate; akenium, roundish; 

 pericline ovate, imbricate Hieracium. 182. 



Pappus snow-white; akenium streaked; 

 pericline simple; calat hide many-lowered .. Crepis. 183. 



Pappus snow-white; akenium streaked; 

 pericline simple; calath. 4 or 5-flowered Prenanthes. 179. 



c. Pappus hair like, stipitated', scales of the pericline 

 imhricate. 



Pappus unequal ; pericline becoming 

 torulose Baukhausia. 184. 



