436 197. Silybum. S9. COMPOSITE., B. Pl.ex.caL 



XXII. 197. SILYBUM. Dioscorides. Milk-ihistle. 



PericUne bellied ; scales imbricate, close pressed together 

 below, with an appendage at the tip ; appendage spreading, 

 weak, dilated, spinous on the edges, grooved, ending in a 

 strong spine ; flowers all hermaphrodite ; clinanthus chalFy ; 

 chaffs bristlelike, half as long as the pericline ; pappus 

 hairy, rays linear, fringed, equal, longer than the akenium, 

 forming a ring at the bottom, deciduous. — Stem high, 

 branched ; leaves spinous ; stem-leaves embracing the stem ; 

 calatkides large, solitary, terminal; peduncles naked. 



Silyhum Maries. Mary's milk-thistle. 



Leaves embracing the stem, hastate, pinnatifid, bald. 



Carduus Mariae, Rail Syn. 195, 12; Ger.em. 1150. 

 Carduus Mariae vulgaris, Park. 976. 

 Carduus Marianus, Lin. S. P. 1153. 

 Cirsium maculatum, Scop. Cam. 2, 1009. 

 Silybum Marianuin, Gcertn. Sent, et Fr. 2, 378. 

 Carduus lactifolius, Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 141. 

 Our ladi/s thistle. Milk thistle. 



Roadsides and ruins ; annual or biennial ; August. 



Stem 6 feet high ; leaves dark green with broad white 

 ^anastomosing veins. — Root eaten early in spring ; also the 

 young stems, being peeled, and soaked in water to extract 

 the bitterness ; and the scales of the cup as artichokes. 



^. unicolor. Leaves not variegated. 

 Carduus Marise hirsutus non maculatus, Rail Syn, 195, 13. 



^XIII. 19S. CARDUUS. Pliny. Thistle. 



Pericline ovate, bellied; scales linear, simple, without 

 appendices, pointed, spinous at the tip ; flowers all herma- 

 phrodite ; cUna?ithus chaffy ; chaff's linear, silky, as long as 

 the pericline ; pappus hairy ; rays equal, longer than the 

 akenium, forming a ring at bottom, deciduous. — Stem. 

 mostly hollow; leaves decurrent, spinous; calathides ter- 

 minal; corollcB blue. 



1. Carduus nulajis. Nodding thistle. 



Leaves interruptedly decurrent, spinous; calathides droop- 

 ing; pericline-scales lanceolsite; upper ones spreading. 



Carduus nutans, Lin. S. P. 1150. 

 Musk thistle. 



Ruins ; annual ; July and August. 



Root fusiform ; ste^n 2 feet high ; leaves greenish on both 

 sides; calathides terminal, solitary, peduncled, drooping; 

 — Odour like that of musk. 



