4.38 199. Cirsium. 39. COMPOSITiE, B. VI. ex. cal 



^. mitius. Leaves less spinous. 



Carduus palustris mitipr bardanae capitulo in suinmo caule singular!, 

 Dillen in Raii Syn. 194, 5. 



y. crutatus. Stems many, coalescent, bearing a broad 

 flat head of flowers. 



2. Cirsmvi lanceolatum. Spear soft-thistle. 



Leaves decurrent, hispid, pinnatifid; lobes 2-cut, diva- 

 ricating, spinous; pericline ovate, downy; down cobweb- 

 like; scales lanceolate, spinous, spreading. 



Carduus lanceatus, Rail Syn. 195,8; Ger.em. 1174, 6. 

 Carduus lanceatus latifolius seu major, Park. 982. 

 Carduus lanceolatus, Lin.S, P. 1149. 

 Cnicus lanceolatus, Willcl. S. P. 1662. 

 Cirsium lanceolatum, De Cand. Fl. Gall. 3073. 



Waysides and pastures; biennial; July to September. 



Root branched ; stern hairy, 4 feet high ; Leaves woolly 

 beneath ; calatliides terminal, large ; pericline ovate ; corollcB 

 purple or white. 



^. minus. Calatliides small. 



Carduus lanceatus flore et capite minoribus, Dillen in Raii Syn. 195,9. 



3. Cirsium heterophyllum. Odd-leaved soft-thistle. 



Leaves embracing the stem, heartshape, lanceolate, ser- 

 rate, fringed, nappy beneath ; lower leaves rather incised j 

 pericline-scales lanceolate, pressed close, rather mucronate, 

 bald ; calathides mostly solitary, peduncled. 



Cirsium Britaunicum Clusii repens, Raii Syn« 193,2. 

 Cirsium Anglicum secundum Clusii, Ger.em. ^183, 5* j Dr. Penny's' 

 figure. 



Cirsium aliud Anglicum, Park. 961. 

 Carduus lieterophyllus, Lin. S. P. 1 154. 

 Carduus lielenoides, Huds. Fl. Angl.Sb2. 

 Cnicus heterophyllus, Willd. S. P. 1664. 

 Cirsium heterophyllum, De Candolle Fl. Gall. 3086. 

 Great English soft thistle. Melancholy thistle, 



Alpine pastures ; perennial ; July and August. 



Root creeping, knobbed ; stem upright, nearly simple, 

 woolly; leaves smooth, bald, green above; white, nappy 

 beneath ; root-leaves petioled ; calathide terminal, mostly 

 solitary, drooping becoming upright; pericline ovate. 



4. Cirsium acaule. Stemless soft-thistle. 

 Leaves petioled, pinnatifid, tootlied, fringed, spinous; 



jCaZr/^/ii(/e5 peduncled ; peduncles xa^\ca\y solitary; pericline^ 

 scales lanceolate, closely imbricate. 



