PL ex. cal. 4-2. RUBIACEiE. 253. Galium. 485 



Root fibrous; stem 3 feet high, brittle; peduncles axil- 

 lary and terminal, simple or 2-cut; corolla white, small. — 

 Brajickes used as a sieve to strain milk; a favourite food of 

 young geese; juice antiscorbutic; seeds roasted for coffee. 



]4. Galium horeale. Northern cheese-rennet. 



Stem upright, rough; leaves 4 in a whirl, lanceolate, 

 3 -ribbed, bald; fruit hispid, rather scaly. 



Mollugo montana erecta quadrifolia, Raii Syn. 324,3. 

 Galium boreale, Lin. S, P. 156.. 

 Crosswort madder. 



Alpine rocks ; perennial ; July. 



Root creeping ; leaves unequal ; panicle 3-fbrked ; corolla 

 milkwhite. 



IV. 254. RUBIA. Pliny. Madder, 



Calyx 5-toothed; corolla bellshaped, spread out, 4 or 

 5-lobed ; stamens 4 or 5 ; fridt fleshy, bald, rather round. 



1. Ruhia tinctorum. Dyers' madder. 

 Stem rough ; leaves annual, usually 6 in a whirl ; corolla 



usually 4- cut; lobes oblong, rather callous. 



Rubia tinctorum, Raii Syn. 223, 2; Ger. em. 1 1 18, 1 : Lin, S. P. 158. 

 Rubia major s.itiva, sive hortensis, Park. 274. 

 Red madder. 



Cultivated; perennial; May to August. 

 Root red ; leaves ovate, lanceolate, rough above ; calyx 

 scarce any. — Root emmenagogue ; dyes a fine red colour. 



2. Ruhia peregrina. Foreign madder. 



Stem rough ; leaves perennial, 4 or 6 in a whirl, ellipti- 

 cal; above smooth, shining; corolla 5-cut; lobes mucronate, 

 awned. 



Rubia sylvestris aspera, quae sylvestris Dioscoridis, Raii Syn. 223, i. 



Rubia minima, Ger. em. 1120, 6, 



Rubia sylvestris, Park. 274. 



Rubia peregrina, Lin. S. P. 158. 



Rubia Anglica, Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 1, 54. 



Rubia tinctorum 1, With. But. Arr. 193. 



Wild madder. Six-leaved madder. 



Dunghills and fields ; perennial ; June and July. 

 Root creeping; stem branched, trailing, perennial; leaves 

 dark green ; panicles forked, terminal ; corolla yellowish. 



