520 298. Archangel. 45. UMBELLIFERiE. PL ex. cal. 



Archangelica officinalis. Shop angelica. 



Leaves ternate, pinnate ; odd-leaflet S-parted ; akenium 

 oval, margined ; margin rather waved. 



Angelica sativa, Rail Syn. 208, 1 ; Ger. em. 991, 1 ; Park. 940. 

 Angelica Archangelica, Lin. S. P. 360. 

 Angelica officinalis, Manch Meth. 81. 

 Ligusticum Angelica, Stokes Bot. Mat. Med, 2, 96. 

 Archangelica oflScinalis, Hoffmann Umbell. 168. 

 Garden angelica. The holy ghost. ' 



Watery places, naturalized, also cultivated; bien.; Sept. 



Root fleshy ; stem 5 feet high, branched ; leaflets ovate, 

 lanceolate, cut, acutely serrated, bald; petals much dilated 

 at bottom, membranaceous ; umlells globose, many-rayed. 

 — Root aromatic, rather bitter, used mostly candied as an 

 agreeable stimulant, and antipestilential. 



XXXIV. 299. SPHONDYLIUM. Diosc. Cow-parsnep. 

 Involucrum caducous ; involucella many-leaved ; flowers 

 diffbrm; petals radiating, unequally 2-cut ; lacinule short, 

 hooked ; fruit compressed, oval, reverse-ovate ; akenium 

 ovate, margined, hirsute or rough, crowned; latascule 

 3-streaked, 4-vittated ; vittse mostly as broad as the valle- 

 cules, thick, rather clubbed ; commissural vittse 2, joined 

 at an acute angle ; spermapodium threadshape, 2-parted. 



Sphondylium vidgare. Common cmv-parsnep. 



Leaves pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid, cut, serrated. 



Sphondylium, Rati Syn. 205, 1 ; Ger. em. 1009, 1. 

 Sphondylium vulgare. Park. 953. 

 Jleracleum Sphondylium, Lin. S. P. 358. 

 Sphondylium Panaces, Gccrtn. 1, 86. 

 Sphondylium Branca, Scopoli Carn. 335. 

 Sphondylium Branca ursina, Hoffm. Umbell. 132. 

 Mad nep, Hogweed, Meadow parsnep. Bears-breech. 



Meadows and pastures ; biennial ; July. 



Root fusiform ; stem 4 feet high, branchy ; leaves ternate 

 or pinnate, cut, pinnatifid ; petioles dilated at bottom ; nm- 

 lells flat. — Leaves and seeds brewed, form a kind of ale 

 drank in Poland and Lithuania ; stems peeled, to get rid of 

 the acrid skin, are eaten in Russia; when dried a saccha- 

 rine substance exudes from them, and attempts have been 

 made to extract sugar from this plant, but 40 lb. of the dried 

 stalks only yielded a qr. of a lb. of powdery sugar ; young 

 shoots a very good asparagus. 



