PLex.cal. 45. UMBELLIFERiE. 306. Apium. v525 



Cultivated in dry ground; biennial; August. 



Root, stem, and petioles, blanched by being kept covered 

 from the sun, sweet, esculent in cold salads or as a potherb, 

 wholesome. 



XLII. 307. FCENICULUM. Pliny. Fen?iel 



Ivvolucrum ; involucella ; calyx ; petals nearly equal, 

 involute, keeled; lacinule blunt, nicked, long; stigmata 

 sessile ; fruit oblong, gibbous ; akenium ovate, oblong, 5-ju- 

 gated, jugae blunt, ribbed; vallecules 4, veiled, convex, 

 1-vittated; latuscule contracted ; spermapodium bristlelike, 

 2-parted. 



Fceniculum vulgaris. Common fennel. 



Leaves decompound; lobes hairlike; stem-leaves de- 

 flected. 



Fceniculum vulgare, iJaij Syn. 217, 1; Gev. em. 1032, I ; Park. 884; 

 G(ertn. Fr. et Sem. 1, 105. 



Anethum Fceniculum, Lin. S. P. 377. 



Ligusticum Fceniculum, Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 2, 100. 



Fenckell. 



Chalk-clifFs ; biennial ; July and August. 



Stem upright, much branched ; leaves tripinnate, leaflets 

 bristlelike, dark green,, hanging down ; umhells flat, many- 

 rayed. — Herb used as sauce, carminative. 



XLIII. 308. SMYRNIUM. Dioscorides. Alexanders. 

 InvolucrumO; involucella ', calyx slightly toothed ; pe- 

 tals equal, lanceolate, apex pointed, inflected ; stylopodium 

 depressed ; fruit ovate, roundish, gibbous ; akenium round- 

 ish, semilunate, 5-ribbed ; ribs acute, very slightly winged ; 

 vallecules wrinkled; commissures very slender; spermapo- 

 dium bristlelike; per isperm in\olute. 



Smyrnium vulgare. Common alexanders. 



Lower leaves triternate ; upper leaves ternate, petioled ; 

 leaflets deeply serrated. 



Smyrnium, Rail Syn. 208, 1. 



Hipposeliflum, Ger. em. 1019. 



Hipposelinum sive Smyrnium vulgare. Park. 930. 



Smyrnium Olusatrum, Lin. S. P. 379. 



Old walls and rocks ; biennial ; May. 



Root fleshy ; stem branchy ; leaves shining, pale green, 

 bald ; petioles dilated, bellied ; umhells globular, many- 

 rayed ;yr?^i/ large, black. — Root and herb carminative, 

 stomachic. 



