668 416. Viola. 78. VIOLACE^. Pl.ex.thal 



416. VIOLA. Pliny. Violet. 



Calyx 5-parted, lower lobe produced at bottom ; petals 5 ; 

 upper largest, spurred at the base ; anthers slightly joined 

 together, membranaceous at the tip. 



a. Viola. Stigma acute, bent lack ai the tip. 



1. Viola hirta. Hairy violet. 

 Stem- ; leaves heartshape, petioled ; petioles hairy ; calyx- 



hies blunt; capsule hairy. 



Viola Martia major hirsuta iiiodora, Rail Syn. 365, 8. 

 Viola hirta, Lin. S. P. 1324. 

 Mountain pansies. 



Vt^oods and hedges on chalk ; perennial ; March, April. 



Shoots short, horizontal, tufted; leaves nearly upright, 

 serrated, hairy on both sides ; petioles long, hairy ; hairs 

 short, bent down ; stipules lanceolate ; scape and calyx 

 bald ; IractecB awlshape ; Jlowers blue, scentless. 



2. Viola odorata. Sweet violet. 

 Stem ; shoots creeping ; leaves heartshape, bald ; petioles 



bald; calyx-lobes blunt. 



Viola Martia purpurea, Itaii Syn. 364, 1. 

 Viola nigra sive purpurea, Ger. em. 850, 1, 

 Viola simplex Martia, Park. Par. 282. 

 Viola odorala, Lin. S. P. 1324. 



Shady places ; perennial ; March and April. 



Root woody ; shoots long, rooting, leafy ; leaves bald 

 above, very slightly downy beneath ; petioles and scape ra- 

 ther bald ; Jlowers purple, fragrant. — Root 3ii. to 3iv. 

 emetic and purgative ; flowers laxative in syrup, which, 

 when well made, is of a fine blue colour, and used as a test 

 for acids and alkalies ; seeds also laxative. 



|3. alba. Floivers white or reddish; side petals beardless. 



Viola Martia alba, Raii Syn. 364,2. 



Viola flore alba, Ger. em. 850, 2. 



Viola simplex Martia llore albo. Park. Par. 282. 



S. Viola palustris. Marsh violet. 



Stem ; leaves kidneyshape, bald on both faces, ribbed 

 beneath ; calyx blunt ; spur very short ; root creeping. 



Viola palustris rotundifolia glabra, Raii Syn. 364, 6. 

 Viola palustris, Lin. S. P. 1324. 



Moist meadows and bogs ; perennial ; April and May. 



