INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY, 61 
PROJECTURES. 
Projecture. Small rising edges, which beginning at the 
setting on of a leaf, are prolonged upwards and downwards. 
Leguminose. . 
LEAVES. 
Folium, in composition —phyilum. Expanded organs 
generally attached to the stem, fiat, green, horizontal, formed 
for imbibing and exhaling different jluids. 
1. Situation. 
Seed, Folia seminalia. Placed immediately below the 
plumulc, formed of the cotyledons which rise above ground. 
Raphanus sativus. 
Root, radicalia, fundi. Growing from the top of the 
root. Alisma major, Taraxacum officinale, Drosera ro- 
tundifolia. Pl. 8, fig. 5, e. 
Stem, caulinaria, caulina. Growing on the stem. 
Branch, ramealia, ramea. Growing on the branches. 
Joint, articulares. Growing from the knots or joints of 
the stem or its branches. Graminee, Dianthus. 
Inferaxillary, inferaxillaria. Growing under the branch. 
Tilia, Aster Chinensis. 
Flower, floralia. Growing at the bottom of flowers, 
and not differing from the other leaves. Periclymenum 
perfoliatum. ‘These are not to be confounded with bractee. 
: 2. Disposition. 
In whirls, Folia verticillata, stellata. More than two 
leaves growing at the same height on the stem. Hippuris, 
Asperula odorata, Spergula arvensis. Pl. 6, fig. 6. 
By threes, ¢erna. Forming a whirl of three leaves. 
Lysimachia vulgaris, Verbera triphylla. 
By fours, guaterne. Valantia cruciata, Rubia tinctorum. 
By fives, guia. Myriophyllum verticillatum, Galium 
Witheringii. 
By sixes, sena. Galium uliginosum. 
By eights, octona. Asperula odorata. PI. 6, fig. 6. 
{ Opposite, opposita. Two by two, on opposite sides of the 
stem. Veronica officinalis, Labiatee, Gentianee. Pl. 6, fig. 8, 
Crossed, decussate... Opposite, the pairs placed near to- 
gether, and crossing each other. Hypericum quadrangu- 
Jare, Euphorbia Lathyris. , 
