INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 63 
Perfoliated, perfoliata. Having the disk pierced by the 
stem. Bupleurum perfoliatum. PI. 6, fig. 10. 
Grown together, connata, coadnata. Opposite or whirled 
leaves sessile and conjoined together by their lower part. 
Dipsacus fullonum, Saponaria ofiicinalis, Lychnis plumaria, 
Periclymenum perfoliatum. PI. 6, fig. 8. 
Sheathing, vaginantia. The base enveloping the stem 
like a sheath. Orchis latifolia. 
4, Direction. 
Reversed, Folia deviata, obliqua, adversu. When the 
upper surface of the leaf is not turned from the ground. 
Lactuca virosa, Allium obliquum. 
q One-rowed, wnilateralia, secunda. When they, grow 
all on one side. Convallaria multifiora. 
Two-sided, Lilateralia. When they grow on two oppo- 
site sides. ‘Taxus baccata, Abies taxifolia. 
q Adpressed, appressa. When the face of the leaf is 
applied close to the stem. Buchnera gesnerioides. 
Erect, erecta. Forming an acute angle with the utmost 
part of the stem. ‘Typha latifolia, Sagittaria, Pinus syl- 
vestris. 
Inflected, inflexa, incurva. Bent inwardly, Araucaria 
excelsa, &c. 
Open, patentia, patula. Forming an angle of about 
45 deg. with the upper part of the stem. Veronica fonti- 
nalis, Antirrhinum vulgare. 
Very open, patentissima. Forming an angle of about 
90 deg. with the stem. Glechoma hederacea, Cucubalus 
bacciferus, Androsemum vulgare. 
Reflected, reflexa, recurva. Bent down towards the 
ground. Bryum pellucidum, Pulicaria uliginosa, 
Hanging, dependentia, demissa. Growing down perpen- 
dicular to the ground. Laureola sempervirens, Convol- 
vulus sepium. 
Lying down, humifusa. Growing flat on the ground. 
Bellis perennis. é 
q Floating, yatans. Lying flat on the water. Pota- 
mogeton natans, Nymphea alba, Nuphar luteum. 
Sunken, sulmersa, demersa. Growing in the water. 
Hottonia palustris. 
Emergent, emersa. Rising by their footstalk above the 
water. Sagittaria sagittifolia, Alisma major. 
