INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 107 
Conical, conicum. Bellis perennis, Chamemelum ar- 
vense, Helenium quadridentatum. 
@ Dotted, punctatum. Marked, after the fruit has sepa- 
rated, with points, which distinguish the places where the 
fruit was attached. Taraxacum officinale, Leucanthemum 
vulgare, Inula grandiflora, Senecio vulgaris, Bellis perennis. 
Pitted, scrobiculatum. Covered with small holes in 
which the flowers are lodged. Erigeron Canadense, Anten= 
naria montana, Tussilago vulgaris. 
_ Honeycombed, favosum, alveolatum. Hollowed out in 
angular, regular pits, like those of a honeycomb. Crepis 
tectorum, Barkhausia foetida, Onopordum vulgare, Dor- 
stenia. 
q Villous, villosum. Andryala, Lagasca mollis. 
Hairy, pilosum. Absinthium vulgare. 
Bristly, setosum. Covered with long, straight bractez, 
or setz. Carduus, Centaurea, Carthamus, Arctium majus, 
Maruta foetida. | 
Chaffy, paleaceum. Covered with membranaceous or 
scarious bracteae, or chaffs. Bidens tripartita, Anthemis 
arvenis, A. tinctoria, Achillea sylvestris, A. millefolia, 
Scabiosa. i 
Tubercled, tuberculatum. Gnaphalium  luteo-album, 
Filago filiformis, F. vulgaris, Conyza squarrosa. 
' Nippled, papillous, papzllosum. Inula grandiflora, Puli- 
caria uliginosa.. 
Naked, nudum. ‘Taraxacum officinale, Hyoseris minima, 
Artemisia vulgaris. ~ 
Axis. 
Simple, Axis simplex. Plantago, ‘Trasus sylvaticus, 
T. chlorostachyos. 
Branched, ramosus. Dactylis glomerata, Alisma major. 
_¥ Straight, rectus. Triglochin palustre, Plantago. 
Bent, flexuosus. Bromus dumetorum, Dactylis glome- 
rata, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne. 
{| Cylindrical, cylindricus. Zea Mays foeminea. 
‘Threadlike, filiformis. Carex sylvatica, Phleum pratense. 
Hairlike, capillaris. Briza media, B. maxima, Apera 
effusa. 
Three-sided, trigonus. Alisma major. * 
Four-sided, tetragonus. Salvia pratensis, S. verticillata. 
Spearshape, lanceolatus. Cycas. 
Compressed, compressus. Cycas. 
