120 INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 
The principal distinctions of the cupule must be taken 
from its appearance in the fruit. 
In general the cupule is very different from the common 
leaves, but there is a regular series of changes from the 
- cupule of the corylus avellana, which resembles two leaves 
united together by their edges, through the quercus com- 
posed of small scales or bracteze soldered together by their 
jower part, and scarcely differing from some involucrums, 
and the ephedra, in which the sheaths at each joint are 
evidently opposite leaves soldered together, approaching 
near the fruit, and composing a series of cupules set one 
within another; and so on to the cupule of pinus, abies, &c. 
GLUME. 
Bale, Calyx, External glume, Gluma, Calyx, Gluma ex- 
terior, Gluma calycinalis, Tegmen, Lepicena. The ex- 
ternal common involucrum of the flowers of the grasses, 
situated at the botiom of the locusta. 
Cupule-like, Gluma cupuliformis. Having the appear- 
ance ofa cupule. Alopecurus agrestis. 
Involucrated, imvolucrata. Surrounded by an inyolu- 
crum. Cynosurus cristatus. | 
4 One-flowered, unifiora. Alopecurus agrestis, Oryza 
sativa, Hordeum, Zeocriton. 
Two-flowered, liflora. Panicum, Holcus mollis, H. la- 
-natus, Aira caryophyllea. 
Three-flowered, triflora. Anthoxanthum odoratum. 
Many-flowered, multiflora. Briza, Cynosurus, Festuca 
fluitans, Lolium, Avena, Bromus, Secale. 
{ Longer than the glumelle, glumeild longior. Avena 
fatua, A. sterilis, Achnatherium lanceolatum. 
Shorter than the glumelle, glumelld brevior. Bromus 
arvensis, Secale cereale. 
q One-spathelled, waispathellata, unipaleacea. Formed 
of only one spathelle. Eleocharis palustris. 
Two-spathelled, lispathellata, bipaleacea. Formed of 
two spathelles. Bromus, Triticum, Avena, Secale. 
Spathelles. 
Valves, Glumes, Chaffs, Spathelle, Valvule, Glume, 
Paleze. The pieces that compose the glume. 
Opposite, Spathelle opposite. Two pieces, attached 
opposite each other at the same height. Triticum, Secale, 
figilops. Pl. 12, fig. 12. : 
