INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 165 
‘PSEUDOSPERMIC FRUITS. 
Naked ‘seeds, Fructus pseudospermi, Fructus carceru- 
lares, Semina nuda. Simple fruits, not opening of them- 
selues when ripe, containing only a single seed, or at most 
but few, and having the pericarp so exactly joined to the 
seed, that the latter appears to have only its own covers. 
CaRIopsis. 
Seed, Grain, Cerio, Cerium. Fruit simple, dry, one= 
seeded, with the pericarp strictly united to the proper covers 
of the seed. Graminex. PI. 13, fig. 1,2 and 3. 
Globular, Cariopsis glolulosa. Panicum Italicum. 
Roundish, swbrotunda. Zea Mays, Holcus succulentus. 
Oblong, oblonga. Triticum. 
Grooved, canaliculata. Hollowed out in a_ groove. 
Triticum, Secale, Avena, Hordeum. 
q Beaked, rostrata. Having a kind of beak or point at 
top, the remains of the style. Phleum pratense. _ 
Two-beaked, lirostrata. Having two points or beaks at 
top. Briza, Ehrharta panicea. 
q Enveloped, induviata, glumelld tecta. Enveloped in a 
persistent glumelle. Oryza sativa. 
Naked, nuda. Zea Mays. 
AKENIUM. 
Seed, Achena, Achenium, Akena, Acenium, Cypsela. 
Fruit simple, one-seeded, usually dry, the pericarp more or 
less intimately united with the proper covers of the seed, and 
with the tube of the calyx. Composite. PI. 13, fig. 4, 5, 6. 
Eeclike, Akenium ovoideum. Balliera. 
Reverse egglike, olovoidewm. In form of an egg, the | 
small end being the basis. Hippophestum vulgare, Ono- 
pordum vulgare, Polymnia. 
Topshape, turbinatum. Galardia, Agriphyllum, Galin- 
saga triloba. 
‘Three-sided, érigonum. Baltimora. 
Compressed, compressum. Flattened sideways. Careopsis, 
Zinnia, Silphium, Bellis. 
Bent, curvatum. Tragopogon pratense, Calendula. 
Angular, angulatum. Sigesbeckia. 
Winged, alatwm. Having a thin, broad edge. Achillea 
millefolia, Ximenesia encelioides. 
