INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 193 
Hooked, lJappaceum. Furnished with hooked points, 
like the involucrum of arctium lappa. Sanicula Europea, 
Myosotis Cappula. 
Spinous, spznellosum, echinatum. Stramonium foetidum, 
/Eschylus Hippocastanum, Cucumis prophetarum. 
4, Substance. 
Membranaceous, Pericarpium membranaceum. Salsola 
Tragus, Colutea. | 
Paperlike, chartaceum. Amnagallis phoenicia, Cerefolium 
sylvestre, Coriandrum. 
Leatherlike, cortacewm. Helianthus annuus, Trapa na- 
tans, Lupinus, Arachis hypogzea. 
Crustaceous, crustaceum. Dry, thin, and brittle. Pas- 
serina. 
Woody, lignosum. Lecythis, Cassia Fistula, Hymenza 
Courbaril. 
Corky, swberosum, fungosum. ‘Ethusa cynapium, Ra- 
phanus sativus. - 
Pulpy, pulposum. Ribes, Vitis, Rubus. 
Fleshy, carnosum. Malus. 
VALVES. 
Valve, Valvule. The pieces camposing the sides of 
some pericarps, which open when ripe, and separate. P1.16, 
fig. 8, 14,15 and 29. 
Longitudinal, Valve longitudinales. ‘The suture perpen- 
dicular to the base of the pericarp. Cheiranthus fruticu- 
losus, Ruellia ovata. 
Transverse, transverse. The suture parallel to the base 
of the pericarp. Anagallis arvensis, Hyoscyamus. 
Re-entering, introflexce. Edges bent .mwards towards 
the centre of the pericarp. Colchicum, Rhododendrum. 
Re-entering conjointly, conjunctim introflexee. The 
contiguous re-entering valves united together in that part 
which penetrates within the pericarp. Rhododendron 
Ponticum. 
Re-entering distinctly, Ha rer The con-- 
tiguous re-entering valves not united together in that part 
which penetrates into the pericarp. Colchicum. 
Parting, Lipartibiles. Splitting when they open into two 
parts lengthways. Veronica, Digitalis speciosa, Nicotiana. 
-——These bipartible valves are ‘evidently composed of two 
YOL. 1. ) 
