TH 
E SA EDESESO 
CHRONICLE. 
131 
ro RTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF LO ONDON.— —_ 
EXHIBITIONS AT THE GARDEN.—AI Fellows who 
shall apply on or before Tuesday, the 6th of April, may obtain for 
povoe: omer eeainekd = the rate of 3s. 6d. each, any number of 
xeeedi — cate such =" be agen taken 
r 
of 
itor, o'clock, to ei either of the three exhibition, at 
the ie option: of the yisitor.—All spuHieations | ee tickets must be 
at the Society’s Office, 21, Regent- 
THe Gardeners’ €heonicle. 
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1841, 
MEETINGS IN THE ENSHIYG WHEE; 
EMonday. ... . fae ae  M. 
P.M. 
Pecsiag «wes Te cpelaphe hen cae 
Wednesday . Agrioall 8 Pm. 
Friday eee Bem. 
ur leading article last wee week was upon nie very im- 
portant subject of pruning forest trees, t will be 
hat we reconme 
upon 
ject ig js ‘Hen slow oured us with the 
lowing lette 
st Netwichatanding the opposite conclusions at which 
mending close- — in one case and fore- shortening 
nother—I ode ature to consider the question open 
Rae the ussi Myo —s conviction is, that there 
ld h ag hye th 
n at which I have arrived from. my 
+h 
former. Th 1 
leaf, bu 
‘itis from time to time had ag, 
is es = man of early proning, or fede 
nst all m: of late pruning or lopping, (I so of 
e of pout only.) where it; can possibly be avoided. 
course 
Tt 
was visible Ie bat her god ey Oe on strum; I could neither 
detect e yes, horns, nor legs,* The perfect — which 
Pie gop t , and as many Laser I have not yet 
the practice of annually removing buds « or very young 
branches, a y pruned ; but it ae 
be the su f producing timber — free 
from all kinds of “ach ae like thos 
introduced by the natural decay of 
Lord Braybrooke, and Tt k Lord 
also Foe’ ws a the — ot ain 
aban doned th iis practice 
further discu 
Le rt 
most poet isbble.: should like to see specimens, rather than | 
hear opinions ; =i if the advisers of th 
of inquiry over them, and d jude for ourselves a the va- 
+h 
li di ty 
Our limited s space 
tion for the moment ; pi wy thal shor 
< Th practice.’ 
ping 
f ee 
@ operation is perfo 
ue ze die, Ay i Id be kept aie ely 
the agree with 
Henslow that if : sump “s “snag is left t to ale, ma 
pra 
is as much to be recommended a8 s ‘close-pruning. ‘Twill 
ENTOM OLOGY. 
state my r 
iver no 
‘easons for 
way wedded to my own opinions, r shal be 
A few years ago my attention was called 
to this peters by ‘Lord Braybro oke, who had recently 
opted the practice of fore-shortening sri of close- 
T, as. _—_ poe rm it, elose-lopping—his ti 
ced to do at the makes nmendation of 
a - Blaikie formerly steward (I believe) to Lord Leices- 
o. 11.—T: Santas I A ts ar 
‘art Seah able tril oh a in vista ip from 
the plant-lice (Aphides). ike them they have an astonish- 
ity, a eriod of thi 
be 
The var ety of these 
iat aes into this ques- | 
conservatories, | 
i 
from warmer climates, I rico 
and other infested plan 
ee ummer month 
all these insects are 
d Nie 8 ap 
0 
fro n this is impracticable, veshing the e plan 
with Tine, black sulphur, and actised 
Holland w eat su par an tof lim me and } oz. 
of sui sagan are well mixed together, and put into two gal- 
stir them well, and when the ingredients 
Ruricola. 
— 
lons of water 5 
ha 
ve settled fit for use.— 
rmin is 
fg, waving and < ‘tera re w at ; we also son 
ties I took pate. pains at the time, and have frequently 
well kno 
ts the ecient the mealy scale 
produced by each system. Mr, Blaikie was so kind | as to 
Tt was very clear to me from these ne ay an a fi 
all I have ever seen since, that a blemish is necessar ily in- in 
troduce ed by close- ~praning always. oe te the 
ze of 
infes 
or mealy bug, the pineapple, vad age eander al, an 
for sphere name. 
Wh: let +} 
* The minute figures by the yews of those which ar@magnified 
iy the poe size of the 1 shows the leaf of the 
apple, wi ith scale of the eect 93 size; 2, the coccoon ; 3, the 
et , the seale; 5, Pr female ; 6, a young coccus, which is 
not larger than this (.) d 
there are other re of the same family biti confer | 
. ficus of the Indies is supposed | 
pnp rotten sass the new wood closes o 
wound; but I think this m 
allow the wet to dodg ge, which — faci 
rtical a 
think little or no deca 
es place ; and I as 
une at beer ch, from pe 
taker 
which a very jarge limb. pays =k re- 
bh th course ae ia ve 
Ad- 
as 
Soy great, howge the old wood is perfectly sound 
mitting all tha at c n be ung ed again nst close-pruning, 
cus lives upon the 
ni, 
acti), which 
far 
The Salk u these Gack parasites, some of which 
rather resemble g zalls or excrescences on the branches, 
Bi RURAL CHEMISTRY. —No. IV. 
exists metal in three different states: late hs in the 
olid form as ice; in the fluid state in its ordinary condi- 
tion; and lastly, as vapour or steam. hree states 
of w iz but aware ps t 
hen ice is 
Meikle: or in 
any 0 Re — med, it abs ate hea it melts and be- 
e lea e fixed ¢ aspot never seem 
i arabon of icaving it, Ne, there wey live — rat: they | 
die, having thru the eir | d hora with 
such energy, t 1 aie De. 
sus pendeat by ee as or 
incl water is heated, it ey the 
_, The difference n the 
orm 
} heat they contain; seaeue “ma: 
Sera ames of ice and heat, and oe 
water a seems very like —- 
eal action, it is really qe different, and must not be con. 
it breaks of “By imbibi 
feet, » eyes, nor horns, can be detected. The male, how: 
founded with it. 
ly taxe 
t +3. 
ever, ie a fy A different heing; I 
the 
with white, having a a pair rof w 
il hort eateris pa 
a thread-like tails, onep longer than 
> 
rine are still gs great: iit 
ent in Hn of —. ina, is A a nares “ie 
a ned branch should soon: r later disappear, 
mish, a the 
ight; 
heat is not # substance—it is not a thin ing we are até to to 
weigh, like all the _chemical elements and consequently 
«bony ‘bat so fragile that t they break 
sghtet e 
“tis ‘. very ‘short time after, on ear up 
soon finds his 
the 
are dis- 
pearance and outward characters of t “substance, bu 
does not at alle ane its chemical Ber shes or nature. 
Whe id 
ea ering very little or r no ble ¢ specimens Dig prcitr Ber sa a num mber of eggs and young | en heat i is ) thus combined with a substance it is said to 
my inspection, ing, | be latent, that it + 
state of decay, md ga hed the £ pro whol e body ‘feel. Thi om be omy A ee from a very simple 
ampleta, ines umps had beeten, embedded ee se i sometne vie with young, je is hein 5 ns = | experi If we put si water in ee the fire, 
wood w over —,. exactly as it doe over seen through her distended skin At the pet | we find that it will soon begin be feel warm to the hand if 
the coi of the cut produced b: “pruning. Now immers: ; the warmth which we then feel is called 
he only.s te maetl me whilst in their inf: ‘ancy ible t 
to be this ; that 1 in ‘the mares we ne two clean discerned in the sexes, but ‘the noose saan cover | in ea pinot ot water, it eas not become warm so soon, but will 
surfaces, et one of the old and the other of the new 
remain ice-co 
ae es all weed i is melted, because all the 
red oe 
woad, brought into. dose: contact ; ; whilst in the case of sie titious : for downy } heat supplied to it by th abso 
fecaaliedenna e have as the m olia, the minute a airs are found united with the iee in melting, Any therefore as the-heat so 
on = Ss caueetaa, bys - phat surinen of —— new | with the scales. Numerous bundles of little cocoons are |} absorbed does not make pt melee ice any warmer, it is 
. Pde sed ~ some also formed by some € species, w which contains the chrysa- | called latent. When all th ae x will 
i the effects pr tk nm to get warm. 
| wi with those from much Soa Tocw-abereane backward, contrary to the law whieh: r regulates all other ns has already been stated that water is Aestaeaitery 
ones ; and which is clearly no just com parison. I fear , except aphides | or simple substance  itisa compoan ape fool mm a 
I do not quite ipa ae what you say about ea the | ‘The mealy bug (Coceus donidum) gases. This ai “very > for 
fore-sho ranch h ali Ifyou tely hoth ; where it some- | can har hardly valet it —_- that a aed ate oid sabe 
may be kep util. the gendual growth of the trunk i d th uid like’ water is fea 
shall have st pod if amt yl —_ nage of leaves appear to we covered ith seurf and meal. The — ner ps , 
we ang always eff pr tra ut , Ju ro eee ¥ di when we remember that heat alone, 
e the wound = - it } ae ] a Baran das pans to th ight of ice, converts it 
ie to be healed o' was at pa en- and o out of health. - ” into that a little more heat will convert that 
bedded, we should io = usual blemish of the close- Rrometia) is oft t | water isible colour! apour; for, as has 
praned branch, s0 mnewnets a nae and . t On already bee hef'steam is quite invisible, and 
robably i = ‘off a radical ‘at this winter r ines sais only beeomes us when partly condensed by the 
; blemish from longer e see of the old — to 1 age = able numbers on the inside of the white part, which contact of the > h deprives it of the heat 
4 fluences of the w eather. If you mean that the hase of a| tender and afforded them shelter (es bs aan mae ' to keep it in the state of vapour. The con- 
dd camel ith them were numerous elliptical minute objects, so i .. oo facts makes the composition of water 
of the trunk be checked hy Io: loping it thing like a glow-worm when m: } 3 these 1 T take ind far le ul; far we have i difficulty in 
at some dis se “er ie pater = ssibly such pects ‘to be the chrysalides snacbagree re Greta ving th at pees is composed of two per 
may be commendable, but I have no facts to refer to, As | appeared like an” e lifting up one cages now. that steam, wa ter, and 1 ice, are, chennica’ 8 > 
T understand the ordin ary practi ice of fore-shortening, it | the orbicular i Soe ame. water is 
is intended I (4), a flesh d th aati an orange | part of the which is so essential to to lie and com- 
practice of Goonies 3 and bere 3 i I mt say, that, ca- mare colour, see a to be ae vege was — bustion : it consti _—— ths of the weight ee, . 
feris paribus, 1 have never yet met with an cad of young ones (6), amounting to 20 or er, and steal 7: ceases br the rome 
where the blemish i introduced by t ras | th pry eget ‘the latter stretching out their six little ee is gas, or i 
nat considerably | d by th Fame suai Siar beeen, Seaeptintaly Giopersed over the | because it is very 
