164 
THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 
s ubstances, but are composed o cisely 
often with great justice, aout to this insect ; eit se 0, 
they are 
+ vine ey porrteennansiny song llamas am. 
difference 
the difficulty Mr. K 
the 
“wash,” which con- 
pose Suara a ical nature ; the com- | ing for unerring e effects of his 
jc orn em uch smaller than those | secured to his trees perfect lea' res, after they 
posing a pi peree itle db 1 totall balay Ne er 
Pp 4 y is explained in warm “and dry summers 
halk i posed of - icl 1 that bl jury to vegetation in the open air, and in the 
Pea ting’ as and it th = 
syringed. For m s better to make six ounces 9 
soft soap into a ‘lothew in a gallon ae rain-water, and to 
apply | it to both sides of the leaves, as it will not inj njure a 
plant: Bi es aoe ata Ruricola 
COTTAGE GARDENS. —No. Vill. 
oo 
to be made in. the «i uing 
direct the cot rs pain to pe crops oe cova, 
ay | the lime, the younger trees being the greatest Ome 
or 
3 and altho’ ough scarcely visible to the naked eye, it 
s priest on ban e acd ~ Beyer 68, which will 
able prog! by this time, and be 
better : fat ores the earth stirred Bictweaat th the Tows, and 
| afterw 
any substance, is called cohesion, and this pow 
in in different s ; thus it is far | colour conspicuous even at a distance. Some ards | drawn closely up to the plants. ..Cho; oose a dry 
stronger in marbie than in chalk, and hence a piece of pena ae ya from the trunk and b 
requires a much harder blow to break it a psd nag Broom-house, Fulham d of cl ground is wet the treading on it will be injurious 
piece of chalk. In the same way we say that the particles | s of very fine texture, varying in form, ay aie ye beneficial. To succeed the form é 
composing the diamond are held firmly by | generally tapering at bot! = which were open for the | another uld be made about this time of % Early 
cohesion h ich f ch i t of or Eh to; they were packed me, or Knight’s Dwarf Marrow Peas, and of either 
Cohesion is, of course, quite independent of chemical at- | close in these nests in aia myriads, for cne of the | the Windsor, or Long-pod Beans. For these the 
traction, for it holds the different  p: lest nests ean at ne hi i, ‘ian 3 jeshen long, ere p d ~ A oct iy Saati A ee at 
together, constituting its mechanical strength, ilst che- and an inch ick, ani must ve con- | p- 65, and a row or two of Spinach sho so be sown 
Reap BP seam ‘ z Rosse vile a before. a the ci apart rd -beds =. 
forming it a compound substance, but does not in| The property ven to this Acarus of spinning a ing. of early Cauliflower, Red Cabbage, Brussels 
“ pepe 4 gth of th p web has le led to it: ce called a spider, and Seo tei its | Sp , and Bae — ee A good-sized bed, in 
chanical force applied to it. 8) ific ni of é elarius 5 but itis in call I res a mite. some part of the gar Ic! 
Und —— b tk Whe pissin : should be dug and got ready for early Horn ted 
things we know ; neither air, water, top to bott: r They may be sown oe Ss very calm day 
of tl ‘found in nature, aves ae silken threads, so numerous ast tka ak waits laze | must be chosen for eacale sequence of the — 
i it; and hence | of charring the | and eee yet it has never been ascertained from what | light and easily blown an 
lower parts of wooden posts which are intended to be | part of the ani oan threads are pro coed. akan 
driven into the ‘ of charcoal formed © suppose that, like the spider, they are when this is done they are to be Tightly ro Asem and on 
protects the from decay for a much longer period | d fi raked until the et is properly caveat. It is better to 
than it would last if not charred. en, however, carbon | from the mouth. On lifting up e foliage, many Red | defer a week or ten days longe’ x the sowing for a main 
is heated, its chemical affinity for oxygen is greatly in- | Spiders will be actually running a on the under f C oP. y 
creased, and it no longer ble | side of the leaves, whilst oth ged in piercing | of them-are ed by running to seed. 
substance which it is whilst cold. | them and nae the ‘Sap, thereby producing little yellow This is proper time for planting or sowing 
C: has been al: iy stated to t y el , which soon spread and igre and ot! hardy fiower-seeds, such as Sweet 
ment of plants, which thoug! various in form and | acquir tumnal tint, more or less inclining to yel- | Peas, Lupines, Larkspurs, Stocks, Mignoneite, and 1 
colour, are nevertheless com: of very few elements. low Ww OF "brown, until the trees are enfeebled and defoliated, sf hoch beautial ornian annuals wh 
They consist almost wholly four elements, oxygen ornament the cottage-garden during sum 
hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon, which, by combining to- They a phar y put in circular patches of six or eight 
gether in different proporti: form all the principal parts inches oye Beat ogo: to being sown, is 
of both plants and animals. The greater number of vege-@ to re aenphsn 
table sub ist wholly of m, hy and allover the pate; papa os to occupy the 
carbon ; i mostly contain, in addition circumference of the circle only, and afterwards covered 
to these three elements, a quantity of ni 2 play Rome Bt ge or with a little fine earth thrown 
wood is its are separated from each 
other; the hydrogen and oxygen combine together and ts-do who have bees should still attend to the 
form water, whilst the carbon is left behind. It is the feeding of weak hives. a eEke Wee Rn tie done Oe 
; pes Pate Some ea which causes evening, as it will prevent robbery by 
that which we call flame. The combination of the char- the day. The food not consumed should be 
coal with oxygen goes on more slowly and steadily, the the mi d restored again at night until you find 
er hives are now kept the 
asubstance burns with « x i to hasten the hatching of the eggs 
it contains hy ; and whenever the flame is promotes the prolific na of the queen This is the 
we are it ins a good deal of carbon, | time to purchase stock-hives. t advisable, h 
for the flame of pure hydrogen is i and the es hap 4 from 3 your immediate ieighbatr, and for this rea 
brightness of a flame, such as that of a candle, is entirely | 
due to the contained in the tallow, burned is -aungae to be apprehended from being so 
at the same with the both ing with ia station. On returning tom thy wl probly 
oxygen of the air. As the products of thi of and many of them, p > ki ting 
a candle are ic acid and water, it wo - % fires their way into other hives than ee 
ral to expect that a cold substance held over the flame of a ys f ees are for sale, the cottager should take the 
candle would take from the vapour of water thus form P . fine day to go and see them at work; he 
the h i i state of vapour, Red Spider, if magnified, ee of an | able to form some idea of the health and 
phage Cong it into the fluid form. This is orl fem wth the a toe pair incline: beak ey as me hive, by carefully noticing w the 
hich and active, and bn they fly away qui 
y Id gi t p yellow balls on 
ta pe aga we shall soon find it last aks ae yienk cues are less inclining to orange, with” ing 
dew of water condensed in this manner. blood-coloured | dot oat on either side of the thorax; be estimated. Wels ia no 
Carbon is le to combine with oxygen at common ppear to be femai ea of valu, e, except in the case of swarms of the ¢ 
temperatures ; it requires to be heated before it nte y, the fore part of the th year. E. H. 
inte combination with that substance; but a com- bees ochreous @ whi he smaller have a lead- Se ee _ 
nae : ining carbon is exposed to the air, | coloured patch on each side (3); e spiders, the HOME S acan Pua tees 
usually happens that if the other elements which it con- | thorax and body a so united that they form one mass;|  Tarred Canvas for C would be more 
tains combine with oxygen, also is then able to | the head is narrowed and roun der the | convenient patent seplatie® ro yas it might be 
one ee ; jects a short rostrum, ieve of two | nailed on the top edge of the oi oot ae co ae ee 
when a plant dies Fs aig disc lateral valves (4 a) ing two bristles (4), which | 2 roller. By putting rails on the frame, the canvas 
3 the carbon i is not set free in be t out at the pleasure of the ai fc Mate: gerd noncemeen ation de as well as leave a space 
the form of kk prepa e two f like ional 
gen. see that from t is | 
only t 
: the le 
hea of Li 
mischievous 
0 te oD stampa re 
a 
baring freee pe 7 have istherto aon #04 
: Sp ter = 
bre proposer destruction Tors boy | 
to be most fatal to it, the aoe cg 
ing it are 
nosed chiefly of horse-droppings and 
gether, and firmly beaten down 
is placed in this to about its own thick- 
covered 
‘the bed is with 
be filled with flower ot chemin hang ro a ros 
ine? are 
the sulphur 
d | nylon = ay — 
peaches 
some pieces of birds’ feathers 
more perfect ly over the laa, was an 
which succeeded well with 
cotton to | after whi 
effect, ceo 
expan 
course 0 of a week the plants should be well 
and severe. pee, dr ae 
