212 
THE GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[N° 14. 
ith. ia } 
air gh the source can be Species ele beneath 
its destination ) | ascends directly out of 3 eg a 
uring 
Ss 
Nl et 
Py 
and oxygen appear 
5 (-% re 
+}, + + ‘ tat. 
sa ome: ey 
shiek cannot >) too much pore <4 
nity ? 
~. mixture in the to cor 
regard to Po sets of pota toes, we have already stated at 
manny a compound arent g 
of caloric. “The pute vob = "Meoae Dalene and Petit 
r 
a pager: is also oon which = seca py ery 
show very clearly 1 the assistance — by the air in dissi- 
pati ng tI the | I 
ai th 
We acid, and com- 
Bi 
} Nea yr aaa 
3 
odject. 
That heat at all temperatures is transferred much more 
rr Ps pegracrns than ag the contact and car rying 
powe 
pay nitric aci 
ne 3 
hi th h Pit: 
Fngle 2% oy. The time of preparing the sets is another 
& 
far as tos 
- ay 
oak aie Seat prowl the sets = 
proportions, giving rise to 
four of these are of compurativly little asco my and 
the fifth, or that con- 
€ them 
of their natural moisture ; bu 
ent opinion, and wo =: in al cases recommend the | ot 
gz g q pk Bac, is the fo prepare sets until the ‘ound 
the paral; ies some years since divided the Ladies | p hy of consid Nitric acid is never found for their recep: tion. ‘a bien 
— the peg oma The Ladies, ill but al ere shoul be planted, a great e error is generall: vc ioe 
tended fi superior drawing properties ad silver witk 2 some base ; ery a very powerful ‘acid, it is easy to | ted by ing the rows too —— together. We have 
parce ating wt other than what has been called a bserved, and je n repeat hat a clear 
lady’s cases cause they did””—which is a oe good | to combine with, and forms a neutral salt. not less than iwo fost between the ro Aaiigiaes 
: vertheless, when it happens, as in this case it did, ise containing nitric acid, or nitrates, as jan are called, found ea most advantageous both in respect to size and 
to be Cue: ow Phil ‘osophers, on the other hand, main- are. the nitrates 0 of po' otash, s oda, and lime, which are found | produce. If they are to be ‘put i in by the plough witht 
tained that 
must render ee the most perfect retainer of heat, and, 
is very sa to be met with on old walls néar which 
organic substances containing nitrogen 
‘ur- 
rows of six inghes in width to be ploughed. between my head 
e plan 
therefore, the best material for = Beapetts In the sequ uel, have decaye ed a nd whi ich the anted. In the garden, attention 
the Ladies were, as is well kno pwietar} ous ; a e gre atly formed nitric acid, which has combined with the lime of 
superior radiating power of Cs are was more than the mortar ; The same way | nitrate of lime may be | on account of bad weather or + other causes. They should 
match for the r conteng Po power and the fe sane formed artificially by gli Pp 
the metal, both bei ually exposed to | whict ield the acid th ach, and e-} 
y the con poten ca epee of the air. | some time ‘together, pouring water over the m may be sly recommended 8 as ages ear ‘ited for cot- 
ction between what I have called carrying daioise s the nitrate of lime, and brains a sateneny = tagers’ vay 08 s Flow etal and 
power and conducting power is very important, and re- | leaves the salt in question when the water is craparated Monthly" ‘Cale dar (Carry and Co.); ice’s Modern 
qui borne in mind. Gases an liquids have no | by heat. Although nitric acid is a very strong acid, and pga 23 ~exeall ent book (Dean Ang Monash the 
Bria receive heat by con- 
5. PAWE 
tact, and the A age so Heated ascend jing by reason of its 
has a very powerful affinity for Pico site ther e are ‘even 
trong € 
Handbook of Fruit meas (Tyas) ; and Dodsley’s Economy 
fH 7 ife. We will endeavour to add to this list in 
more powerful acids, which are 
acquired levity 
éontact only. 
pure acid: this is usually done by what is called oil 
vag or se ae acid—a substance a whet “A brim 
When is acid 
ee at ahaa RL gy pat 
brought to a vel which roid cat rib hing ition 
d which may be’ con- 
dense ry sold water, ey rt form an sient sour 
‘producing any effect when the concentration takes placein Tiley, gardener to 5B Grace the Duke of Portland, 
air or water. quid which is called nitric acid, or aqua fortis. Nitric ich calcula excite nera 
_. The enormous differences produced i in he rate of of. cool- ubts as to the effi f Sir William Burnett’s patent 
n Sir | them sometimes with great violence, and ‘causing their the preservation of timber, prea &c., from dry-rot, 
Tobe Leslie’s and othe af eapersaente aie beyon eg somenta to enter into new combinations: thus when | mildew, moth, and premature deca’ As it is probable 
ion that radiation is the g and ggpede avinet by strong nitric acid is mixed with oil of turpentine, it sets it that an pe Fu unfavourable to The hea ble _pre- 
which 1 interchanges of hank take place, and that when it | on ‘fi . This is caused by the large quantity of oxygen | paration may have been produced by remarks, you 
is proposed to substitute for this the areyi ng gel ero ini ape pg contains, which enables it to burn sub- | W! I dare say, give insertion to the volloving exp) 
the air, we adopt a feeble, difficult, circuitous t least mal = ici combine rapidly wit mn of Mr. ry, naman was = chiginnly Senished on an 
effecting a p which rena gpa itself rapidly sad oxygen; which we know of combustion. When | application being race, in order it 
spontaneously, by placing bjects, so to speak, i tric acid with Aedes iichinis, haying a strong | may be shown, that ay the. facts detailed, the al 
other. There itventege, befire affinity for One gen, are able to nore mince the ac cid, we | ment referred to (to use Mr. Tillery’ s own ei 
Tuded to, that by radiant heat ath Weak Gals ; H 
by ne co of con. before alluded to, and by various processes are able: to “ater Stove is he; ated w steam circulat: dng wae 
Carden in regard to moisture. radiant mae it may obtain compou aiid of nitrogen —_ most other elements, | loose stones, with tanners’ bark to plunge the pine-pots 
indeed be requisite © supply mstre, which. ew out be gh this acid as a sow nitrogen; for it | in. The wo sod was pa in the bark where the steam- 
penny pane Goede but with air as the carrie that ni eee ever ‘vil combine with an pipe enters, and the tan saturated with water every day. 
‘is Ww 
clement, ones ween it 
Ul las t long exposed to such a heat: 
is s00 
=e by n destroyed, and no pre- 
eaactly the proper state. Air : Sharm and eaeigli ed | combi | paration ahonien it against such a severe oe it can 
ponge, and exerts an unlimited| Acids "bee. a curious propery of re certain | be. no real test of the efficacy of the preparatio $8 
ing i w fluids presented to it; and air, | vegetable colours. egetable blue 
if warmed and , saturated, becomes a wet sponge, ours are changed to ‘o red by acids, and 3 th ie property is | pared pieces of decayed “cloth, I find on looking to he 
which will oisture on ies at an inferior | in consequence made use of iy pee chemist to detect the — stock where they were placed that it is arched with 
temp ich it co i = fact is, | presen ce ofa free e acid ; for f co or and that pe are 
that air is a very efficient cooler or warmer if it be allowe eases ey and a drop has Ly fall scarlet cloth, 
freely to abstract moisture in the one case or to deposit it th has a ike stone on the 
in the other ; do not always require to do these, | change of cca may be seen in the shine - oa = eioth, “Perhaps it toe. ere had some chem ical = ct 
or not, at least, ¢ proportions which might suit the . Every one — that red cabbages are | in deca: oe 0 SO The 
ity of the air for absorbing or retaining moisture, it | called, are y dark purple whilst paca and they | very pern te to au The other pieces of pre- 
, I think, to warm by means which are more inde- y become red by the of the acid r em- | pared ote) and spa sound. Ser sc the above 
oes a2 do not know whether the re; of Hsop’s | ployed in pickling them; the same effect w be p extract it is abundantly weet that t the ‘ood was - 
conyey this i t £ as ced if a ny other acid was employed. If now dd d 
— else that I can understand, perhaps it bage thus reddened by acid some alkali, a ther | poses could possibly be expected “to resist, and that the 
; “phe reproot for blowin hot and cold with the sh, soda, or ammonia, or indeed a portion t cloth (out 
th intelli if it meant to — that the colour will be restored to its ogo ne, of oe similarly prepared, , and found sound) is, under 
the laten| —~ in the saturated | because the acid is ised by the base; and if the | the cir matances, satisfactorily explained. The patent 
h which fitted it for warming tha mas, pelted it | base employed be one of the three alkalies, - | has hoor and is still daily being su abmitted t to. eet 
“a very unfit berecier for cooling the porridge.— Alfred | bo test 
Ainger, Doughty-s 
of potash, the solution of cabb be- 
, and likewise t their trae have the 
ts preservative powers, and of its vast importance ins 
—xX. 
va pada I free alkal lies cl ia and commercial view.—. 
ses RURAL CHEMISTRY.—No. VIII. i £ ble Horses and ‘atoe. ks that we have 
' - Frotacel wi imal bl f the presence of free | misunderstood Liebig in p. 56; he believes that Liebig 
ne ni mposed, whether aan or alkali, in a RT says. that a ho entirely, not in part, on potatoes, 
by combustion or cases carbonate will neither inc i nor strength, and will sink 
of ammonia is form ch is a very volatile salt, and COTTAGE GARDENS.—No. XI. der every exertion  Carroll’s experiments, deseribed 
ently is carried away by the air as fast as it i this time the necessary preparations should be | p. 117, he thinks tend to corroborate this; for the fact 
formed. Now water absorbs large quantities of ammonia, | made by every cottager, unless they have already been at- | that he found potatoes beneficial in the absence of green 
which, as well as all its compounds, is easily soluble in | tended to, for p gp mg crop, | food, for brood mares and youn: ; ost proof 
that = ; and conseque: Ble ammonia and salts of | previously recommended to be reared in the For | that to a hard-working horse they can only assimilate the 
Ravtaedee formed during these pro posi this —— every opportunity must be taken to oat ther ood for the action of the digestive 
r retain ned i in the air, but are re diaolved and brought kinds o anure, and =: it properly mixed y | organs. J ald haye had more for Mr. 
f the earth b Rapenss ars by th e pig and poultry which the | Carroll’s experience, had he not said that the turnip _ 
iets ‘called the volatile alkali, n properties it | li ill prod: up g potato as food for the horse. Juvenis 
very closely resembles potash and sods, “which are distin- | much as ar manure —s potato-ground to supply a | recom or pai instead of ? 
guished from all other bases by being called alka - moderate-sized famil: ring the year; but in this, as in | both being well adapted for this soil and climate, and no 
» however, di ther alkalies — other things, Pasian degree of management | to pl either feeds of 21 Ibs. at night,” but te wet 
being @ gas, whilat they are both solid, and almost all necessary: such, for instance, as attention to the | them with the usual number of feeds in th a. 
“€oi F Ste more or less volatile, or capable of being ceaing - Se of the pig-sty every week, and the | I lb. of carrot or parsnep to 3 Ibs. _ heaps or beans. 
into vapour by heat; whilst t map ounds of eos layer of dung that comes from the sty | no country are ; potatoes used as fi di horses 
potash and soda aré all fi ite i ae in no eats are the horses 
! pom : by any ordinary application of heat. | lanes or commo degene! twithstanding 
: onia has also abe powertel affinity for acids than the | and a portion of | the best reserved for the aie that the best entire Engl es horses are imported 
othe apie ; and: consequently it is easily ex- | remainder is very frequently — away by the inh to meee the breed. Labou n Ireland, who em 
ciled deve on compounds by either or ; as | bouring farmer, who allows in return a 6s. per er Sere in x . they have 
and several other bases, which set free the |_ground for 9 em on conditi ie that the cottager cleans support a — family with it,—being Lape 
e gaseous form and unite ves and at tend Se eh a at le east | cana ot perforar hard labour as either the labo ae 
bination with the niin. districts both of E they receive double 
wages and ar 
: of 
Shatter fo: "Potatoes may answer as part 
ib "both for man and borse but either being eatisely 
land; Spidl Teele: . 1 Ti, gl t, + 
g 5 with the 
effects. Inour opinion, it I tend k 
[2 - * - 
