348 
THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 
ee 
[N° 99. 
Iman The experiment is very readily tried by covering | the circumstances under which the operation can take | of constant or variable temperatures, for the liquids that 
a hax 6 in 2 which seeds are sown with cobenied glasses. The | place, Boucherie has found out that the upward | the one and the other admit. 1 established this pra 
plants grow most luxuriantly be eath glass of a blue | absorption of his liquids can only take place at certain | in 1833, rs experiments made on portions of bran: 
character, beneath the yellow and red ses the | times of the year; and he says at the time the trees are | roots, as well as on large cylinders of woo aan 
natural s is entirely checked. ‘ Indeed, it wi “insap.” This spe tion seems to me not to ascribe | the trunks of different trees. made it public in two 
found that at any period during the early life of a plant | the phenomenon to its true mech’ — ause. What is | memoirs read before the Academy, the November, 
its growth may be che ked by ex the action of | called a ‘‘ state of sap,” is that condition of trees whe a | 1833, and the 10th = ae 1834, and they both have 
red or yellow light. Here we have ery extraordinary liquid runs oem _— if they are pierced, and which per- n published in the Journal of the cep te, vol. i. 
fact, that that portion of the sun’s light which produces | mits their bar ‘o be easily detached, its _ surface | p 22 , and vol. 7 ea There is even cure repre- 
the greatest impression on the organs of sigh d that | being then iste by a par rticular juice called cam- | senting the process of filtration applied Fok a block of 
also which diffu —— through the creation, are bium. But these two results in the pi sy ee are pro- ood ed with an blique lateral tube. It was, 
destructive to the firs esses of vegetation. is with | duced by different causes, although y in some | think, o e occasion of the last memoir that I bronght 
nd the results to which I have | cases take place simultaneous! d fi i f | befor Academy the phenomeno instantan 
corrobora y Dr. F. R. Horner, of Hull. fo one or the other will not always ; be sign of the actu pe naack rough a large cylinder of birch wood; 
prortereny I en - aie ed to point out, that by stu fitness for the naga ea of Tiquids by the stem alone grounding upon this principle the construction of an 
ing the effect of these different rays, isolated and i in ae neeetet se ~ the is ne — fer the = ex- | paratus louble action, fit for collecting the sap from 
peri f M. ouch The running obta: ed by trees, by lateral piercing, both when it ascends and when 
nature of any clime of which a plant a a show! — of di in | it descends accidentally. In the letter that M. Boucherie 
habitat By bream? the violet with the emer ee light te in ich the sap, pushed « upwards by the roots or previously | has beer en to the Academy, on this second mode of his 
certain proportions may artificially produce the light accumulated bd, beets a ion, is found in too gr oe abun bd eration, he says that ‘‘I should have been led by my 
which inci on ‘ ” Syri ja’s land of roses.’ By uniting | ance to be r in the inside by the aspirati experiments rm discover the process before h me - — 
with these the red light, we may produce pa on our — ing peony joined to the lsgoneuatadond. property parenapeing Thi ther 
island soil similar to those seen on the arid wilds over of woody tissue. This phenome enon of mae ~ ion, | giving me ae much or two little M. Buodheeia gies 
which ‘the acacia waves her yellow hair.’ And by ough | me more than my due, if he means that I sho wld have 
isolating iolet rays we me, to some aks imitate | for every kind of tree at some. par —. time, is not a n able to apply the process o: 
the climate of the d zon 1 force of the evaporating and abso’ ee na ae ne Aa se properties. Not only that idea ps 
hi Bot ‘Gl understand power; on se contrary, it oe a relative weakness ut if it had presented oe If to 
at Be. Balto mt has been ‘appointed atin ony eta of seldom Beare Sea ee per- mind, 1 should have felt myself bound to have mention 
Botany in this University, in the room of Sir William J. fectly suited to be in ajacted ay cspheation at certain | it without undertakin ng to eee: - a jndging' it to be too 
Hee = eriods of the year, as is proved by M. Boucherie’s | foreign to my studies omy As the scientific 
._‘The Megaclini Bifo, or Toad eas ents. The easy raising of the bar k is also not a | notion of the process 
onan. re Bat a in the af ourany Pomel * Let essarily for th : it is only the ev paseian possibility of arriving at this 
the sae imagine a gree nake to be pressed flat cc ike’s lubricating juice which then separates it from the albur- hic’ - Boucherie has given me, I think that I can 
dried flower, and then to have a row of toads, or some | 2U™ is not brought up by ascending tating on the legitimately ay that he does not give justice enough; 
a aise Ms reptiles, drawn up along the : middle in | Comtrary, it is ecreted under t k, with substan for I ¢ ‘find that in these t respects he has 
single oe ae bee t up, thei e iocdoas games ng draw e cel entr re, or perhap is secre b added a ett to what I published in 1833 and 1834 
ht and’ left, and’ their ide open, with a la resi eit d in the memoirs spoken of before. He appears 
purple tongue waggin about convulsively; and a stow the ; new woody matter. At) th in trees me t ha one less had done, in the interpreta- 
nsiderable approach will od te ob thin s the Birch | tion which he gives of the results that he has opens by 
plant, which, if my oras had. but known of it, a the Greve the sugar which it pone is the same filtration ; and I at m 0 publications were 
? 
strange tt unknown to him. nounces, for pwr that he 
bse Sere bee ndered - meats ~~ be “ (Sein Lesa ing sap. Not being able to depend upon these indirect i in- extracts the sap from filtered tree €3 5 but, no e pr — 
a 
if = a 
whence Messrs. : Loddiges resi ved it 
will show that the language o! T tie ‘account is justified by 
the ny true which is really one of the nt Pao 
mark 
of every 
useful question to find the special characters which 
hings that we have in gardens _Weo gret 
the time of the year when the ig ere power o 
That piaerear ape so 
essential to the constant s of M. Boucherie’s ex 
iments ought to have ahead his attention. 
ing fr om the extract: 
But t jud 
s fro om his work alre ready published, 
pound solution formed by the liquid hacen tr which 
contains 
all the soluble matter which has been taken i the Gn 
through the roots, or which has been formed or accumu- 
lated by vegetable life in th nar, —_ through by 
the dissolving substance. ned, for ex: 
demy, the physiological ¢ oe in question is not yet 
determined. For in 
ple, that the aye ag So ot Bre alas or syca- 
munications of M: Bouckerie, it is specified that sd es 
hd adh injected ought to be in fall s Sap 5 3 and on an 
is gen erally € 2 pean powerful. If I advert to these 
dunathdulion it is only to mark with precision what is 
d as the time w he the steork ing | 
more, thus part Se the same kind of 
sugar which okaaee grey cending sap: - but 
with this difference, that thi es a have 
been secreted by ital ee an ried from 
the top to the hn ttom during t the oe 
tissue. erie has also fated « ont that ¢ the filtered 
pace are an *dentical in the same tree at different 
fi 
— rom the central axis, or even at different 
ee But I had — beforehand the sig hf 
se results ; and the | a consequence 0} of t the 
done, and what there is to do. They will by no means 
mov of the sap in large t rees. Nothi g equals the 
pa rss diversit of its oscillations, betwee a tees three 
y 
kinds of force, viz. the impulsive action of roots, the 
actual energy of the exhalation of the evaporating matter 
re 
peeeoe tan “at the same time, a phenomenon formerly 
rag _ by Knight upon th f spe- 
wity ; an dc onfirme d since by optical characters, 
and the hygromet trical avidity of the wi woody tissue, also same time, _the sap pushed up directly by the roots, 
M. Biot's opinion of Boucherie’s Experiments on Pre- | modifi ed by the surrounding temperature. I had cut down th 
serving Wood. —Ata recent sitting of the Fnac, M. in nthe middle r, 1833, an avenue containing top Siiiekds. the hottohiin consequence of an — =e 
B he sub- | 35 large Italian Poplars, all grown in the il. OF | falness of the _ste ™ and branches. This 
stance of which, as conveying the . ona ion of one of the | these 35 two only were in full sap (en état de de plethore), | evide nt for exa sole in ina nc ak 
most eminent scientific Fren interest our gi ion of ‘th Pl to my apparatus 
readers :—If, said M. Biot, we caseabais the tee uti heir trv d all the pk pS i = applied iets the wos prs eras: 
periments of M. Boucherie on sa the injection of liquids into of the ascension and emission of air that Coulomb has po carrer seen tinged with yellow, hil the other was 
woody stems by nat rs iration, we find that — are mentioned. _The 33 others seemed absolutely destitute Feige com ne from what I can recollec oF con! 
founded on i: Hales, of the of to what i i, . — 
= in herbaceous an’ a woody vegetables, by the ‘double ing. T remarked on that occasion, as well as M. de ‘Mirbel, sap a the Snceedig. ap aa 
their roots, a uncoloured : at least, it in iotnd's in mye experiment 
tion cor evaporation eaeness their foliage. Hales f th t surf: 2, and I proved where all the rotary powers of the sap, rately ob- 
one only verified the existence of these two pone He sty th —_ are set t down. Lastly, the immense Sere of 
effects. 
measured § separately their i and 
By 
of the leaves, he m it 
a alk but very aan po rmometer marked i 
only pure water, but : camphorated alcohol, foe other Tr per- 
fumed liquids, ascend w cn unks, and impregnate th 
the 
+ 6° Reau., and in the capesimnilag 
air only + 5° Reau.— _ After many ot ther observations, | I 
mt in the etio: 
peécars prese 
wood with their colour, in M. Bou- 
J 
cherie has done, but without Arete able to oe: Prime 
poh by this relative fall of temperature, are “coabiand 
e liquid emitted — eT a proportion, more 
or | solve nt matter which was in- 
ras - the fil- 
d even in 
earn ate the fruit. Wri — sous by 
entalist, d e la Ba ars of Bord injected b 
£ a 
Similar variations 
tered mixture may be inresed indefinitely ; 
en the filtered Tiquid becomes 
f conditi d of absorb identical with the liquid facrodnsed; ae M. Boucheri 
juice of Ph scoheca a decndra t with in the experiment B 9 —- ust necessarily collect a mixed volume 
taneously, and reached, som motiinen in a few minutes, We sity of avoiding them has induced 234 to cet ie woods uch m iderable t ne of the real sap. 
extremities of the most delicate leaves, and the petals of i Aea re ean ron pleased to observe that, in making these 
flowers, where its arrival became perceptible by the ap- ica al filtration, which s having pe: etectly remarks on M. Boucherie’s experin ents, I have not any 
Pearance of the colouring matter ited there as the succeeded with him. An fact acco ts Ba polls erits. In referring them 
water of solution evaporat r was exhaled hat tablish ed views of vegetable rphyeicn nheady established, I wished 
» Pears to me MM. herie is th ful appl apparatus for inj cape depicod ‘s show oy peop improvement they are are capable of, 
cation of a Seen in these ran to carry | also of i P g organs, i and _ whi nty or extension they can add " 
= h pierced longitudinally t pachye ae Berton te applications on « large 
give or less delicate which communi with each oth by chemical sciences reveal reactions s which h the oar 
accidental fissures, or by still ‘coe channels, so sat if | in the laboratory or picion 
| this capillary syatem is once completely filled by liquid | of; rn, those experimen: and th throw 8 
capable of entering it itration, and is placed verti- ight upon he thers — es to extend meniad render 
: drop added to the upper section displaces | their success more ee the woody 
an equivalent from the lower section, by the increase of | tissue as a natural fer 3 poder of bei transformed by 
pressure that it exercises—p ly as happens in a/ injection into a new body, —— wath a gas 
ter of animal ch: 1 in ins, when it is once} for practical uses, M- Boucherie has co 
ated with the liquid which we would filter. | useful and beautiful idea, at rita more d "Gigicult (0 i 
is even mplete agi een operations ps ay sus oa — 
of rodu y a filter. 0} t is, therefore, more necessary . 
which their practical application cam aloties i igiideth abiee: im wdivect.Somey.te = to bring to hig eid all the data that vegetable physiology 
this imstance, theoretical and abstract sei filtration or by piercing, and under the influence the , and on 
