350 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. [N° 99, 
_-i2%,, All so-called natural a pysteen wep $0 the present day, partly wit at ey 
we tifi ial In eh d, and the 
ral plan is phe en, be bat no o ber has yet yea pd Nth su put them to. 
aereiiag sepa ath 
been devised 
bees 
630. But although | in “ay no ion that can properly be called _ natural has yet 
prancipal 
} conditions sania of them. 
631. T 
tural orders can alone be considered as agreed upon by bota- 
are unsettled 3 and this is the | reason why the natural orders 
| 
632. shall express the hatesid rela- 
tions of pl sare in 
_ 633. It seems é ‘te aay admitted by those | who have turned their attention to 
por species is allied to many others in di fferent degrees, and that such relationship is is 
(the affinities) proceeding pecies), 
In like ma nner, in studying the mutual phere of | the several parts of the Mo 
kingdom, the same form of distribution constantl y fo orces itself upon the mind ; 
esr 
PP’ 
634. "Bat although | the mind may conceive peal 4 a ie 
tribution of organised bei 
the e bates yr mpts at cflowaan tas 
fatlad 
ae ira es gpa eee: to aoe passing into ph pa 
stamens 
y 
Ifin in describing the surface of . dy cage we are compelled to travel 
in m suo directions, continually returning bac’ 
proje ct it upon a 
pe na SAE the case with the fringes of Parnassia '*°, 
___Stapelia®, the long rays of the Passion-flower. 
d if in presenting it to the Ba at one oe wai are com 
lane, the effect of which is to separate os 
pelled to 
greatest distance some objects which 
"| itr touch each other, ho ow muc! ch the juxta- 
more i possible must | it be to follow 
Tf, however, anomalous acelfd at 
tis art of the vegetable system 
wn to belong to _any whorl or series of 
635. The fundamental principle of systemati 6 hotany is that those plants should 
wit th each other which have the greatest — of bere ie 
ac a 
636. ay is an accordance i ag bed eseential Le any 
part 
such anomalous bodies are to be regarded | 637. ty i two charac: 
as belonging to p te ope Shee Ope 2 
they 638. What we call the characters of plants are merely the signs by which we judge 
Thus in Aconitum 1, the horn-like processes ity rtificial, imas- 
to the series of the corolla, and are there- | sons as nature re recognises: no 9 such groups. 
fore petals Se = — 639. Nevertheless, losely allied ture, they 
Canna > mi appertain = 7 ad = =f - 
arog pep egey ee — Seeemeane: 
settles ec s What called rom these and other petarel considerations the author proceeds to explain the man- 
bee ae id ox oF abelian, womens ner uy which the natural orders of ie differ from each other, in arranging which, he 
riches se Tecognised aba petal tot thod no i ae she saree gee one erp it has 
re univ 
‘chat b sips y mised as a petal, mot- | been taken as the basis o t enumeration plants that has been 
conducted with reference to it: a matter of no little importance 
_ Strictly systematical subjects are i ill suited to the ed ofa rpm orn never- 
Jn speaking of the structure of Fungi, the following explanation is given of the terms 
of 
ill be left with- 
employed in this 
610. Foxeacex, which are the lowest haw vegetation, are also cellular, some of 
us order is thus 
The A 
Trees or one, generally par bat Flowers axillary, large, 
rae Riise kas 
} and dull yeaa Sepals 3-4. Petals 6, co ivolar eg neicrghs Stamens 
t 
indefinite Ovaries numerous. 
their cells however containing s , and are propagated by spores. 
611, In the highest forma, two: Kinds: of organs are detected: one ones Gene ie 
conical naked elevations; the other, basidia ss, are also conical elevations, bat they 
bear spores in definite number on their apex. 
a aoe ane a stipes***, an annalus or | 
M6 <7. a46 a ; 4 = e 
Lies Riess atte ead 
613. Lower forms are reduced to a mere peridium or integument, containing the re- 
productive system ***, 
eculent or 
dry, with She _carpels 1 or paraeceb separate or consolidated. minute, 
Albuimen ruminate. 
The fruits of s 
and the Cherimoyer, ‘Anona pent $ 
Uses.—Aromatic and fragrant in 
eatable, ‘as the Custard a pad one squamosa, 
'y, and often jointed, as Habzelia aromatica, the Piper ZBthi- 
used as as peppers. Some species are employed as febrifuges. 
those of others are hard, dr 
opicum of the shops, an and are 
Trpicat Gr urgss BN 
346 
dpacdna Vlihiaed aa teeis: 
oe The lowest consist of nothing but cells, placed end to end, and enclosing spores inka wes expanded flower. 2. Avertical section. ¢ andraceum and symaceam: 
terminal cells * ute rene at SA verticals of a carpel. 4, a vertical 
pote term: aaihones Mycologists (writers on Fungaceous ), the principal are ——— ued, Browne tHe embe yO are 
Bead { The nls is the wrapper which Covers over many’ of trem, as Azan, in their The foll: ; 
-youngest state. Thailus is usually generated under groun amongst * 
matter. _, Feito is a membrane that connects the ileus and colar. eens Seba oe H 3. Farely Leaves alternate. sew’ 
yelum which iisy aad cite i oe body cn whics Seal (ropllixe threads found mixed bracts. Sepals, 3, deciduous, Petals 3, cruciate. Stamens 6, of which alee 
vith body on which flocci grow. scdntafnel , : i meating” 
vit _ of certain genera. Sporangium is the ctl calling of antl peuech ae sais shorter (tetradynamous). Ovary superior, with parietal a Seeds attached’ 
on Posdaccton is the bag of fructification in Sphaeria®.  sfialum is the mouth middle, and forming a spurious upon the coty- 
Capiltitirm i akind of purse or celia faniculus, Embryo with the radicle folded upon 
spawn. 
the | 
| bye ae Ps aber there Aig eer e embryo. aay ee the following :— 
ee order, | the subdivisions in which are now made 10, 
edge of the cofy- 
pplied to the 
he nh en et ik 8 
He 
which ae boloned 0 ont fot 
