450 
THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 
[N° 28. 
Botanical Regios of Braxil—Von artius 
“oe five principal regions, viz.—1. The ex 
country ; 2. The highland fields; 3. The wooded } 
tain land ; 4 - sae ~ northern district ; 5. The | 
I. The extra tro} 
posit 
Tes is ee 
corey pm verrun a mpeg 
height. This» vege’ stahle feat ture ed, in thi 
Carrasco, and is, that exist in the tro tropics of the 
Brazils, the peonie in species, although it may be abun- 
dant i rege iduals. 
plants. Although he did not meet with all ~ Sones he 
expected in the course of their examination, nevertheless 
he found that the shields of many species jPesented 
simil lar phenome enon; for in many 
es hl hath 3 mp 
na of the Rio de San Francisco, the 
provinces of Rio tical 
have seldom the lofty grevth of those of the cot, 08 
dof 
primitive membrane, and in the inter- soho: ‘ubetance 
that unites the cells. In examining the horny album 
Endogens. west veral interes remarks were miadi 
hich i 
sided, fe lourl 
pre 
either plain y undulated, rarely rising 
9 amie d ever peor 1,600 fest high te. 
ly well watered, ited vine of th 
zilian Pines, Araucaria brasiliana. ‘To the south, forests 
‘become more Tare 3 and, mingled with the American, we 
h woods are called, in the language of pe il, 
Tight pee (Caa: -tinga). What is extraor sera if no 
tng 0 Aaah ae trees remain for many years withou t pre 
ducing fo 
| the course of forth hours. they are clothed with the 
ost delicate and tender green. Many plants ba this 
r du 
ea a hat ur- 
is mn passes into the Pampas of Buenos 
eal from thence to Cordova, and 
Il. The 
tain 
Madeira, the Rio Itinéz, or ga and Vowards the 
north in in the-provi of Bahia, 
everal 
ing the time of the bursti ing of the tebe, and abe do 
ripen fruit till after ot have again dropped 
their foliage. It is in this district that so many ogre 
are seen; while the é giver Vaetitda is distinguish 
the rigid leaves, hairs, stings, or prickles, small See 
The 
thick, and frequently milky juice. e pastures differ an 
Sevee of bars e mining district, in exhibiting ight t green, 
e and smoo' moother herb S, an 
changes of colou r take pla 
its prolonged action. In Peagsres hk iy at ics a a 
yellow colour, which by the iatense action of iod 
comes brown; moreover this agent produces rg 
cases, if it acts long enough, a blue colour, i 
hy. 
instance, in the shi elds of Lichens, bat ‘it is s almays zed- 
dish, and of all tints fro that in fact 
it Presents 5 all the” tints “observable i in vapour a iodine of 
re deli 
plan leas. 
more observations, Professor 
anne 
Mohl draws the following 
The ans call th fo ‘ampos mi 
—y9 Jaco! re ng radistinction sh the Ca Campos packers, of the ‘Mina hs To odin ine causes the cellular membrane of 
district, sitaated between 46° and 65° W. ah ng., and i ove The e moistequatorial district. Northerly 
tween 23° and 11° S: Lat., also includes a part of th ‘ovince of ao hat is absor' 
provinces of = S. Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goyaz, Mato oan: of the Amazons. The mountains, which are exceed- biog or Gevie tint, a prestaty anuiny rower f rwrger 
ag Seri ca steep p deckviies of a Big pe in structure, are ira covered with ve- still la rger amount of it causes the pro oduction of blue, 
ntains “a ecli ted s, alter. eetable soi - 
vie a +h 1 the hict ph in t river: d lakes PB 
above 5,000 feet. The prey evailing mountains are “oar very rari rains aie nr ston brought by winds from | in abel, or comes in eer a ith the pace rane in the 
slate, or they frequently contain ante. Gold occurs oom form of vapour; but the violet or blue colours are only 
almost everywhere, sy en 9: are found. The greater | and luxuriance of vegetable gro wth. Dry situations formed when the memb turated tn — cy 
part of this district is eae on which searcely ' to be met with, except o on the sides of some ow changes to violet or red as the membrane 
li turns when it is again mois tened. _ Similar variations “ot 
jow shrubs or copses betwee: and Madeira River. By far the greater 
wo different characters, ae kay Arad sire part oft ast e Cou vers is covered by which | dry or moist. 2. The colour th 
along as Penge he sha. a owed, P dense, and in the aie cee of the waters | are particularly intri- assumes, unde er the action of voting is not phates ent 
i 
1 
& 
not 
1 
bs 
bank 
at most, half. way up the mountains. | They 
Pasturage doe 
not ryt here as rm the tare ats of the mining dis. 
States, and burnt; and this being the most fertile part of 
pete is peg Sen cultivation. In oa borage of ed 
to virgen, Me dag) The ot! 4 
, besides of much lowe 
pes 
tricts, but is found chiefly on the light hil 
k 
seldom on 
ed tra 
west. A lower, rougher, : stunted, i and very peculiar, belt 
terised ae Rota which ae them ‘nto seabed 
form ; many have swampy bottoms, | 
Sel Sie the sources of brooks and rivers. 
They are called, in the country, Capoens, 
-woods ; t! to the — of the higher 
-aitsaipier, scone ts oul covered, in 
ceous plants; whilst in the. northern part 
tion from that of Peru on the’ borders of Pop 
‘“Maynas: and this extends ae. he district of the 
€reat Rio de Madeira, far Ay the sou 
of the Iteney or hep “Its ex 
mes ban 
dary in the South may be taken at aout the 13” of S. lat. 
a oe nts a ges 
< ab eagonggeengeay of 
very su The last kinds of vegetation in the moun- 
tain autre agree lose their yn during ‘the dry 
months, Sy often fi ow fi 
eg and s check 
| the floods, and where ‘te branches ot the Stra ee de 
es in the west, and the Serra dos sai de in the 
abridged from Fi 
become dry.—III. The wooded mo 
rden and 
omni to which | 
_ New > Vie iews concerning psa a / a last number 
1 
belongs. the Lessee of the coast : (Serra do Man), e 
tends from the province of S. Paul to Bahia, and ebay | 
from it to the other tide of the Francisco river, in the pro- 
vinces of Alagoas and Pernambuco. This particu! 
etstag paper a2 Mr. Mohl, ‘concerning the 
iodine sta thee eer & organs of plants. Wel hardl 
need inform our readers that starch is a produ ct of the 
hone pe negra found in the shape of oblong bodies 
n the inte erior cells, an nd that it has 3 the 
about tains a 
and brilliant Flora, which, although it has 
nmedivsty dota its presence. It thas also been aan 
se to the gett eg that starch is the only known ae 
| ea is thus affected when acted upon 
mployed, cul * also 
organisation of the. membrane itself. 
ferritin arbor ate softest and most cohesion dis- 
tending mi most in water, assume, even when acted upon | by 
mmediately, oF first a yel low hue ones. ses after- 
wards into Yjotet or blue, even before on r eeiperains of 
e _ Membranes that are sci more brittle, 
1 
t show Ine, after 
moistened a fs a pe quantity of iodine aig — upon 
wae velopment of a blue colo 
wate of the membra ‘ane itself, and m 
by 
- whieh one is yellow and ‘the other ble. 
fatarest to all engaged i in the study of Vegetable Physio- 
logy. —Botani cad Reg ister. 
the vegeta ation of Norway and of f Scotland is, “nee, 
ew remarkable, and cannot | 
ory emma Insome respects, ‘itm may depend on causes 
eyond our ken; at the sam ap ae _much of the formset’ 
apparent superar may 
derived fro! 
ery excess s of “northern ber 
"winter is long oe rr nek but then many 
d to be s ntil the fag t gr 
tuxuriant, 
been the 
ta Romel te prt be reo novelties to the 
a 
us, | athe that ‘other substances are so acted upon, or 
many plants and trees me so 
Weel 
siderably ; so that many of the species 
pa ite south  distppen, a and othe orate kinds 
supply their place. 
above all sangre, by pera 
colou 
= ee — 
e dry northern district ex 
from the Sanus mass of “mountains of the Minas ie. 
just spoken of. Schleiden had remarked, that when = 
are boiled in a ley of caustic 
are stained blue by the action of iodine, but lose the ee: - 
brim ~ hi =~ did not 
lining 
of cells 
fo Mar; 3 it ft 
upon + hy wars bs 
of iodine of starch i is obtai 
2, as Ties 
ned. 
le wihek 
He sup 
a santie aan 
poses that by this 
mountain- — ation is here e mostly grani 
w chalk. The 
and gneiss 
into starch. He also considered that when woody tissue 
smeiahene 
same +h P Bh 2 
d, that action is secondary, a conversion of it a 
Schlei 
haere “for the present region, with the exception 
of the small range of Carriri eas ary 4 and their ramifi- 
ae sere exceeds 1000 o 
found that the 
pictely sotuble in water, except the epidermis, an 
embr ryo of Schotia latifolia is pod 
~ oe t 
of thy The rains that Qetoh pr 
£, 1, Ss 1 + 
i] 
d a at whose atk 
et Pei are 2 of i 
oho pane Di oa — to the x north 
December to Jan 
Mr. Mohl’s object 
for winds that sok 
the cells of 
beyond the tro 
caleete ere Bowe seat with = pm nin 
When e cotyled: ons ef ~~ 
Sag majus are sliced thin acti 
= often the clear, 
without any variation: 
ask ate, together with —— 
the sora Nara absence of vege- 
clear, soo aa dry air, continues for | 
This characteristic is o 
slic py upon 
d tincture of iodine, they become a fin 4 indi 
nl they are at iar Dagairy sts and i 
they becom 
a period of uspe 
mination, — to ‘the ; hybei dation of animals in 
m Pi thi 
ay 
a a the first frost of the succeeding winter ; for we ca 
not talk of springs or autumns in this lati tude. a 
y be 
un shines uninterruptedly, with ob- 
powerful, nba. pot ost earth, which 
time dded to the 
fact, that the energie es of veaptatla n autor never Props n weak- 
warmth of our winters 
lique, but still v very pi 
rthe: 
— spot » tot caged a the features 
oP 
pears so b bre 
Two Summer. rs ¢ 
To desi saad Cierpilrs. — 
sis transition (egh green, pect te ae mixtur 
d blue particles. In the mean while the primittye 
WS 
pili 2 
&. 
Ee moist air 
a rar So ea 
ace of ra are covered with lube ad 
ne plains fr, .ently expand suddenly, and 
y 
a few seconds in § 
horny at first, and vel Lup a oe treated with 
same kind of textur 
are | Mobi, Rss: i his 
devouw! 
redial placed pieces o sian ae 
his garden, hich found next day that the cater 
pe to them for shelter. In this wa 
destroys mar era tediors every 
gister, 1812, aa 46. 
