502 THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. {N° 31, 
nears oeeneneieees 
‘draining-plough of his own invention ; Mr. W. Blurton, a cheese. 
his sand was 102° at the depth of six inches ; with the | portions of them for experiment, eeping an accurate register of 
3 « ; ¥ it is seers | that in regard to the |.turner, a curd- slicer, and bh implement for re destruction ot Colts. 
bulb only just immersed it rose to 120° F., the height of he Ligeia ity of plants, gh Of their vegetative durability | foot; and Mr. T. Taylor, patent saddles. SeevWseat, waits, 
h le of the instrument that I had with me; a Sedum | wou ined in a very few years, if Samples ate King, Me = — oa Sheridan 4 r. Pocock, Mr. 
i it i cw r > we ar . well, and Col. Le Cou. 
acta dag a = z ee — 7 — pork topes paced ag BS The ’ ctual teur. Seep Wear, RED ay eee were sent t by Mr. J. Pai: age 
manner, but the: he height toe 34 not exceed two feet. On the 
habit at ee. 
‘Lavender is.very common, bat at this time nearly dried 
id to anent pasture, and improving old leys; also of Tur. 
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY D. nips, Cloyers, Wheats, Barley, Oats, and other agricultural seeds. 
up. Bog the side of ail of Stati pcos a spring of It is quite impossible for us to find room for even a curtailed | qried plants of the natural and artificial G , and other aen. 
ate report of the very important proceedings of the Liverpool | cultural plants ; specimens, in the ear and straw, of y 
a ¢ 
t meeting, for a fall accvunt of which we must refer our readers 
i omer le Carrot, a ¥ 
a y Bed igh oe ah ae Gramiccn were at this fs: also. White ares, 9 te ree ete Coot tet valu abe 
tritive pags dl 3 some roots of the long re Gates Wartze 
and of the globe kind, of bee gro — of i840. Mr 
ina tew places a species of Cassia. You will judge of the 
; herrard 
ae is pet cil dined with th or. Messrs ots sample of Heligolan Mr. G. Gibbs | * 
state of vegetation os _ spares a gpa eg ben exhibited ex ampl es of every implement required | of various Wheats in agtiaay or the Kintbury Skinless fx 
have had no rain s " t July, ittle then. | (op ote e caltivation of of 4 various soils, ell as for every other | and several other yarieties in ear; sam ie grain of several 
The inhabitants of this place eet ered of their Ve; purpose of t Among ‘then was a drill, No. 36, A, per- | yarieties of Wheat ; samples of Barley ir } specimens of 
tables and Fruits from the is of Antonio; the fectly suited to over agricultural purpose fo ch a drill is | perp: ; samples of Seeds of ditto; specimens of a 
B d Indian ae are es eos are the only | applicable. Corn and manure may be deposited together down | Clover, the seed od which was foundin wool, imported from South 
ananas an g > i the same con , or throug! separate coulters which are | america, specimen of a new variety of Tare, principally for 
kind | ould see, but t tell me that it is more oe provided fo follow. ‘The ou: engin panying this | Sneep-feed ; Sante aie different 9 agricultural Carrots; various 
i St . Vinsent’ t’s. I beg to mention an | drill is applicable to pea the er ime with s mings an ples of agricultural Mr. T. Fullard ited three 
as it manure. I us ole business of manuring. corn an ieties oO Wheat, shai ey, f Tares, o 
instance of the ¢ frock the rst of he john ere | Seeding, is ably performed in one process. Thi implement after | Qats, one of White Tares, one of Bean: ips of many a 
were, shut out rom the rest 0! world: as we w the manaring and se the land is over, be converted | rieties. Mr D. Cormack sent specimens of natural Grasses 
th gs the | into an excellent -hoe by taking out the coulters and drill- | dried and owing state ; also agricultural seeds. , 
ains, we came to a sions ae ascitic b black, pen nergy ane eaebnio€ a — y: doves ae bey ing Skirving sent Roots - - ar sal mee ce eeds ; 5 
= y the a e ! s M a of ‘ips, introduced by himse SO specim: 
his ‘wife, and about five children ; they, he Pak tween the rows 0 at whatever distances apart. is not too } Ar, wena: 3 brica ai or Chili Pine Tree. At th Mayor’s dinner, 
were weary, gsen the goa’ ats to o give usdrink, and cooke complicated for general use. A seed-sowing engine, No. 45, 4, | on Tues Esq., M.P., sat on his right his 
fish to eat ; 1 made as luxurious a dinner as ever I did after | is soe puna oo par pe basanites = fe ese tre- | left, ar ae; Eat Talbot, Sod *Lord Sandon. Efe following 
i ommon on pe da u foil, and sua ig, 2 leliver: Tom caps, e the lighter gi gentlemen, among 0! 'S, were also present: Sir rc on, B. 
botanising on 7 imb edo on c y >; upon seeds, such as rye, grass, &c., are with the same operation | J, W. Childers, igs P., the Hon » and x 
rushed out of a separate apartment in the box, down the same | pandley, Esq. On W sday, the judges deterininen the pi 
he put it back, as much as to say that he did not doit for | conductors with the other s his means the required | in the Cattle-yard, and afterwards the Council dinner took place, 
gain. The tops of rt ce ape a ng Sichiek uantities of each seed are evenly s wer the land. I i- | at which the award was read: 27 prizes were es 
s 78° d fi tion to these, Messrs. Garrett sent an improve: hoe, two © Stallions, 17 fo p, 2 for Boars, and-2 for Sows. 
The temperature of the spring wate , and from : 
f about 30 fr t lh bw ta < Be another improved horse-power portable thrashing machines, and anim- | 5 ts selected for trial by the Society, in Hi 
the depth of abou ae of ave proved drill for general purposes. M: nsome exhibited | the prize of 50s., were the Belle Vue Talavera Wheat, exhibited 
Cotton pla ~y tion, and one of Indian Corn at the height 
of 2400 fee! 
PROCEBDINGS OF SOGIBTIES. 
H ASSOCIATION AT PLYM 
BRITI he box, any ki tag he urre! M.P., nstone, and J. W-. Patten, Esq., 
We have as vets Sap sr RO Re yd of the oe of the | drill at the same time, if sre ns ag _ cha 3 nm proposing the health of Mr. Bates, 
Association, bu! ‘as been circulated among | boxes removed. when it will pass between any narrow cropping; | the success mpetitor for Short-horned Bulls, alluded to the 
the members :— when the drill is worked at the same time with seed and manure, | recent improvement in the breed of our st said —I was not 
Suggestions for Experiments on the Conservation of Vegetative | a lad is required to pull the machine, otherwise it is worked le to enter into erits of all the improvements that have 
Powers in Seeds.—These Experiments are intended to determine | by one youth only. In addition to this, were a collection of | been ‘nied under the encouragement of ae Society; but, asI 
the following questions: -1. W the longest period during | agricultural soils, specimens cocks and strata, as entally reading the other day some po tion of an old 
which the seeds of any plant under any circums! can retain origin of their_ formation — arranged according to their bre tees iS Of ngland,, published about 200 ) eat ag ld not 
their v ywers ? What is the extent of this period in | geological position, from Kent to Cornwall ; a collection | put be struck with the very different state of our stock to what 
each of the orders, genera, and species of plants? and | of ex ures, arran according to their chemical Kk then described to be, and with the difference of opinion 
how far is it a distinctive c in such groups? 3. How far | and ution, pecii f the effects of | w existed then on the subject and at the present time " 
is the extent of this period de: dent on the apparent charac th anores on sterile soils. M roundsell exhibited a emen. I am not ng to detain you to-night by reading over to 
of 7 Such as size, ness , hardness of | thrashing machine, four-horse power, upon a new principle; it you the History of England—(Laughter] —but there are one ot 
oiliness, mucilage, &c.? 4 h mn worked, and given great satisfacti ‘oward sent c facts in an old history, written in the ti Qu 
cumstances of situation, temperature, dryness, m | one patent iron plough for general purposes, and one patent light | Elizabeth, which are_ worth referring to way of contrast 
the &c., most favourable to the preservation of ugh for one horse, 4 sets of patent wrought iron harrows, and | with facts now known respecting the breed of stock, and to 
seeds? these questions satisfactorily v equire the | tw: % From Mr. H. H. Wright there was a double | those I will draw your attention. The author says, that in those 
accumulation of a large facts; and although there are | furrow-plough, of the kind in general use in Shropshire. J. | days “England was well known for surmounting other countries 
many difficulties in the way Of thiis investigation, and many years | Hamilton exhibited a cheese-press, a el draining plough. five the breed e, as may be proved with ease, for where 
maay elapse before it can be brought to maturity, yet itis desirable | other ploughs, thi ws, a turnip-dr i a cheese press | oxen rT of bone?”? [Lau He then 
that the British Association should commence co) of made of ir Messrs. Sanders and Wil- “* In most places our graziers are now grown to be s0 
materials for the purpose. Itis proposed then to invite uotanists | liams sent seven ploughs, One scuffier, some sets of hi ws, and } cunning, that'ifthey do bat see an ox or bnilock, and come to 
and others to make the following seri experiments, to | a turnip-cutter. Se je there were five ploughs, an | the fe will give a guess at his weight, and ho’ 
we the results to the _— ire Th ding Worse-hoe, with d geneggee ed, and wheel | many stone of flesh and tallow he eth —how the 
experiments are either Retrospective or Prospective. A. Rutao- and a brake, iron ; butcher may live by the sale, and what ve for the skin 
SPECTIVE EXPERIMENTS. -1. By Sollect ne samples of ancient | shares or chisel poiuts may 2 PB ba at "pleasure. Mr. da —[Laughter}—which is a of skili not commont 
soils from situations where vegetation cannot now take place, | J. West exhibited a common two-horse plough, double-drill | practised heretof Some such graziers also are repot 
y poate th to air, lig ey and moisture, | plough for two ho and subsoil-plough, intended to per- | ride with velvet coats and chains of gold about them.” [Lai 
to ascertain whether any, aad if any, cae les of as form the double operation of laying over the surface and | ter.] Gentlemen, I think we have nsiderable progress 
Spoutaneously vegetate in them. N.B it of co mveciiog at the same time, shout bringing any of the cabeal the weight of cattle, and in judging of their weight, since old 
taken that no seeds obtain admittan: io to thes se soils a i the surface. With thes: a grul age f or scarifier, turnip | Holinsh days; but here follows a point in whi hI doubt if 
rnal sources, such as ¢ e air or water introduced to promote id manure drill, and can pete: grass- eed Sowing machine. | we have made m pro; s. He says, “And in their ab 
n. These ancient soils are either natural or artificial de- | By this improved machine one man and one horse may sow from | (tne absence of the husbands) their wives will not let to supply 
posits. The natural deposits are either of bse logical periods | 12 to 15 acres per day, at a moderate computation. Messrs. | those turns with no less skill than their hu: ds” [Great laugh- 
or of the recent period. 4. The deposits of past periods areeither | Drummond and Sons had a very large collection of implemen’ ter.] Gentlemen, hear the remainder of the sentence—" whl 
tertiary. N. isevery possible reason tobelieve | including a dynamometer for ascertaining the draught of ploughs. | js an hard work for the poorbutcher, sith he, through this means, 
ven of the these d is far beyond thi r. J. Winrow sent a small machine for destro the Turnip- | can seldom be rich or wealthy by his trade.” [Renewed laugs- 
maxi thro = waice eee powers can be pre- | fly, by steaming between the rows, which may also be used for | ter.} m, he proceeds to state, that our own 
served, yet as many acco! ne Secoesed. of seeds vegetating | ste: g food for cattle; and an improv ip-cutter, cattle have long had the advantage of others, and he sa) 
spontaneously in such pom nwa would be well to set these state- | underneath a cart, to be worked either by hand or by horse | «* Their horns also are known to ore fair and large i 
Ments at rest by actual Se In stich experiments state wer, and to cutthe Turnips and spread them on the land at the | land than in any other places, except those which are to be seen 
the formation, and describe the geological phenomena of the | same time; it will cut either f eep ar- | amo! nes, which quantity, althougir it be given to out 
locality, with the depth from the preseiit surface at which the | dener had a Turnip-cutter: Mr. B. Edgington, a rick-cloth, tent, | breed generally by nature, yet it is now and then helped also oy 
soil was obtained. Natural its of the recent period may pepeca horse- crete, sacks, tans ropes, and s! Pheep- petting; art.’’ we see in those days science was called in to the 
be classed as follows ree tivers, tidal warp land, shell | Mr.T. Buxton, a four. e thtashing-machine; a seven-rowed istans agriculture. [Laughter.] I don’t, however, thiak 
marl, peat, surface- oe by landslips, surface-soil buried by Turnip, Corn, ne etre 4 e drill; a two-rowed land-pr , with | much of their science, because they Lt beasts “be vey 
the 6 a sage the nature of the soil, | corn and manure drili attached; a five-knived straw-cutter, to | young,” breeders will “ oftentimes anoint their budding Lemming 
from uriace, &Xc.; and especially endeavour to | work by horse-power: Messrs. Perry, Barrett, and Exall tender tips with honey, which mollifieth yes natural hardness 
t, a 
potentiate plough ; eight lo egiel roo ed ploneh, cs their 
own invention and m: 
hat substance, and thereby maketh them to grow unto a notable 
wana & its ag acho sagen a with ret : ent rate of depo-i- anufacture; a t eee P? ribieuter 4 Lettie: it isnot a: ge in England to 
sudicoik tix oon: apse age anes skis A gorse crushing hine, Meow aie iten, see"oxen whose horns have the length of , OF 
Geeta ok Cneacer he series of samples of soil Successive | large ploughs ; a graves-cutter; a large draini 3 a lever; the tips.””, [Renewed laughte: mtiemen, it a 
man cient’ tamil: ia pepe Pl eaiecciergg So are as follows: | and several aa Rectiate « Mr. E. Edwards, horse-power en we see them now. After the healths of tari Spencer, La 
Socindations of build the pepsin the soil beneath the | machinery ; its m n its doing its work bonis Stanley, and some others, had been drunk, the mez! 
prenecane ceva dB est tor hie which graves, wells, bab @ small power, ithe esimplicity of its construction, an ~ On Thursday, the show of Cattle fements was 
ncveag hahaa ani ied up; ridges of arable ‘osskill, of Beverley, Yorkshire, a four- | from o’cloc ¢ morning until 4 o'clock in the afternooD; 
ee sal ctu p soak in: ae enor the depth from the sur- booms team hg practi the poral uliarities are are simplicity, and the er Society place 
Grthcdeaait 4. Hy tive wareenia the te age | consequently low price ‘aTurnip-drill for seed, of simple ma- yard ofthe Old Infirmary. Shortly after 4 o’clock the ehairmit 
eit | rel a Yogi nd itn ae secre on = ‘aoe ch me pened Be a clod- crasher et ae ert od wheat on light soils. | P. Pusey, Esq., M.P., entered the companied by a 
et : —Sseeds erbaria useful for sto) the wire-worm; aid-manure cart, id too! e 
wad —oe racer seeds —— from mummies, funereal | with copper pump and fiexible hose sabaehaal te cart, and also | vice-chairman, ; i Stare Esq., en’ took his py A 
— Palace wi — Cc. 5 ote old seeds | fitted with brass valve and lever: Mr. J. Brewster, a ip- | vice-president. On the right of the President we! seated 4 
Cculaizcas ie which de adie We oa » State the cir- | cutter: Mr. T. Bigg, dipping apparatus, of hs own Eeeaume - Mayor, Lord Sandon, M.P., Lord Ingestre, M.P., Lord F- bad 
ra “ pare s have been the Rev. W. L. Rham, A.M., an — for preparing the land M.P., Earl Spencer, = & —, Br P., Sir €. Morgia 
e as near : sae greats ned. B. Proses and depositing the seed: Mr. M. Lea, a square churn, with a fly- Lisburne, Sir T. Brancker, J. , Esa. MEP, a 
ite ry ris mode imenting- it is proposed to | wheel, on friction-rollers, and an a churn, worked by cogs on | Professor Daubeny. On prone ait of pn erodennt = ere Lord wl 
form deposits of various kinds of seeds under different condi » | spindles in an upright position, causing two fans to revolve | ley, Fe P., Earl Talbot, the Earl oe Swcpette Sou Buck the 
d to place a portion of them at successive periods in am- | towards each other: Messrs. White and Leith, a drill for sowing | Lord Mostyn, Profe Johnsto Earl of Ayisford, 
g@tances calculated to exc the process f vi in eight ° s, gen till ; a drill |} Hon M et MP is mare jo P., R. almer, BS 
-- species or families of plants, it w to larnips, and tillage on ridges; a-cake-c , | M.P., Viscount Emlyn, M.P., Lord Blantyre, 3 M nt. fet 
req enturies to determine the limit of their powers of | for eattle, sheep, &c.; a chaff-cutter; a patching- used when | Esq.,M.P. Altogether there were 2,900 persons pre ime 
wien yet itis probable that a very few years would suffice | Turnips come u ily; ascarifier, or Moss-harrow, to be | the usual toasts had be nk, Lord ier * Peas, § Ged 
ns aration of the greater number, an ny | used on old Grass and a machine for cutting Hay or Straw, | cess and Prosperity to the Ro “ake nr Sah 
ar might “oy oe obtained even by the present | and Turnips, and for bruising and the same together with icing so, he discussed the princip: se ected 
popes botanists. It is proposed then to form a collection | a sort of pulp, for cattle, &c., to be ked by man’s power: Mr culture. He spoke at considerable length on ye 
potbeern & great yo. Ht (including, as far as possible, °s hine for mal rain tiles; Mr. R. | po draini He observed that in his own 1 = 
lined die en ‘ery genus), and to pack them up(carefully | Greaves, and warehouse @: Mr. H. Hannam, a singie | neighbouring counties, from the imperfectly ¢ structed 
pi : so asa cy nig ore s — skeleton harvest-cart, intended by its lo , lightness, | the course of the wat choked up, ote Q 
tallow, c ould, ’ am io to the t cg ti eme rete 
poset rena, paige bottles, po: earthen jars, wooden boxes, } capable, in any si ion, wing : ucie, oaaeante the y rabundance of atch 
anys » placed in Mnigp situations, er-ground, | ing machine, driven by en; the principle of this machine is | which greatly obstracted the productiveness of the soil. and sine 
: aE tyson . At certain intervals increasing | to sentch out the corn, and it is effected by p: nting the corn | extendin large tracts of gro contributed in his sere. 
mad at the lapse of a ceni two then every five, every ten, | to m asa tangent to a circle, not at right or any other | entious belief. toalterth- charac serofthie elimatesadn ari 
(eay twenty) of euch Weaker gece Geen is of the drum; two men can seutch out four | It thus at oncechecked thefertility ofthe soil, and preveni ey, 
circumstances, to be taken omt from each bination bushels and a half of barley in an hour his mi ne: Mr. | influenceswhich for bringing our crops to. 
ind: Cainigevad i ce; nd an Ge ‘Wi it @0 appropriate soil | Wediake exhibited a dibbling machine, for the purpose of dibbling | He went on to say, that mext to drainage he ee eal 
péeds: witicla woleeaiecdan . kept of the number of | Wheat, other grain, or , instead of drilling it; a here er —_ subject was probably manure; **On this rag he jencebee3 
a cakin @ . those which: fail. id it | machine, for the purpose of shaking out the grass; discoveries have been made already—how much has scie 
yates brain cehs. in pine be carried i the British | ing- ines, for the purpose of winno’ ; | gradually adding to the stock of Coonent How sine 
Sera it wou! € most effectually lished by com. | two ch: aaa for the o gt iar UF lice 5 added to the means of economising. and of adga™. 
ti ction of seeds, formed on the above plan, to some | chaff; and jo J sent a mill for crashing | geously combining, all the substances which tend to fornia 
ose duty it should be, for a small annual und tee ae hi eeu ordinary as this may seem, how great © 
te take charge of them, and at stated periods to select 
i this 
sheep.” Mr. J, Rawes had a model of a furrow $c. remain bo be solved, and that require investigation com=™ 
— oe —ov 
—_ 
oman ar 
