628 
THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 
9. 
to be pointed in with a three- pronged fork, when the win- 
ter is over. The brad if apy to plant I place in 
many oth 
hl 
aluable fo 
er similar 
saline and earthy matters they wrtes whi Ist dung and fos | 
s 
3d Species.—Aphis Cerasi—is a small 
beneath the leaves of the Morello Ch Bato found 
a 
ed 
tubercles, ie <a 
their form is ovate, w 
forcing-house early ins n baske' a lined with thin more common kind oe! es. and animal manures, 
taf and filled up round ‘he alls with leaf-mould. The | yield in addition ammon and carbonic acid. Saline sub- 
‘© top buds only ni be push. I keep two for n two ways; some are directly 
of a dente removing one after the Vines are | absorbed by plants, whilst lathain s are useful in causing the | 
planted and quite safe. pay eos as the warm ther of | formation of different nae without being themselves ab- 
May or June sets in, I consider it is then the best time | sorbe growing vegetal z 
for planting. Holes sufficiently large are opened, the | Many p fi hich d 
Vines are brought me at a time. ts sunk, | not exist in the soil i in whieh the wh i grow, but which 
good watering. the Vines t 
finishes ‘we operation vf sibog: *_T. 
Fence, Macclesfield.—( To be continued: ) 
xR TRAL CE CHEMISTRY.—No. XXI. 
Tue substances requisite for the growth of plants may 
hea gutss which by ge earn, 
‘be Sane under two ds,— 
together form various organic matters, such as ligni 
gum, en men, gluten, starch, cy ; and those aiken Ake 
earthy substances which have been before alluded to 
sugar and 
lime. and 
aud vegetable aga om they contain. 
mposed of the 
‘These salts are 
y bases, such as potash, soda, 
the soil com- 
Se 
ordin 
magnesia, which are derived from 
bined with peculiar vegetable acids formed | duri 
four 
of f' thes 
le acids, pease al differ in properties and chem ical 
pete he but agree 
elements, 
— all composed of the same 
of them 
or so which ¢ consti itute all 
bd aoe 
than seal, and rat’ ther cu 
is nea 
tion ale 
’ 
but darker about the head and thorax, with ‘aes — 
parent and iridescent w wings. 
Specie. 
i. of the 
ound upon the Nut- 
“— but seldom in any great stant me it does 
m to be very injurious to the a t infests. The 
ger it generally carries 
th Olour is of 
f the maemo of carbonic 
of p 
aci cid, ammonia, gee water, like gluten, albumen, and the 
a Nestle siete Dah —An red 
iipets ieee infests oe paar Bor: Pit rat 
of the Dahlia; the eyes are of a dark blood. pa ur; legs 
tuberc les, and antennz of the sai _ ns a s the body ; 4 
So F 
s 
f alente are entirely —« by th the sag a 3 organi | other similar substances; but the salts of these acids 
‘Goon, nitrogen, and carbon ; all of which are | C2200 formed in the plants unless the bases which 
supplied to the plants, by both the air and soil, in the | constitute them are present in the soil i 
forms of wetter, ammonia, and carbonic acid. These three | o being dissolved by water and absorbed by the roots of 
e always present in greater or less quantity | e plants, and not pyieand in combination with an acid 
atmospheric. chan anges— for es they have ore powerful attraction than they 
r the peculiar organic acid ee by the plant. 
cpm substances which are | =" hes of plants, because 
pitiihay the roo! mic go sireag air oa in peice! me the connie acids, like all moms organic Pera are 
almost entirely sbtained from the soil exclusively. When | 4¢c0 d by heat, and cm n the of plants we 
only | ‘ind “carbonates of thos 
pl eo agra v 
oil ee aes J} 
tail particular salts, t the 
, presence 
h were previously 
tee having combined 
table acids 
to the paheen of these plants. The continual growth 
ae rocly Aphis 
ina msirie state is so <i ohaa ote be v9 aid of a 
micros ron the | red ol of the young Aphides may be 
But few males mrs visible 
een 
theya re bla 
Pray costa nd ‘stigma br which fre semi-transparent, a 
of a fus ue. 
6th Spec ies. —Aphis | Sonchi. ss small Species of a 
the 
with yore acid, after = ecuaaeadiion of the vege- 
.—E, 
petwny LOGY. 
typical sen of the Aphide, which 
the na 
HIDES.— 
y we may yor Diem e of Aphis proper, is dis- 
saline matters, and tk rily become gra- | tinguished from other g f the ‘amily by the 
1 bl h of length of mtenne, which frequently exceed that 
erops, unless erat the nature of re ‘plants cultivated on | the body, and often equal that of the wings; these 
it wi contin nually c chan eed, or ~¢ = thus abstra pied nz are also setaceous or bristle-shaped, but never 
naturally, by hairy, excepting npn . = era ity; they 
d composition of wanes, 0 or trial, by the spptiartion consist of seven joints, and ai r the eyes of 
0 There is ource, however, whence soils | theinsect. The sense is rename chuwt; composed 
d ness a continual sory os saline song high is the of four or five oblong =e lon nger and more slender in 
sea. The water porating from Pgh sio the fes pelts The abdom 
ee im. solutio ona very small qua le 
‘ hich horter than ane Es ia poli 
down to the surface of the ground “by rain. of the tecaen. As the “species are scaiecteas a con- 
ica 
 aborherchap reget great distance from m9 B Be, ob- 
uriate o! and 
| Veni enicnk subdivision of them ma 
v be _ bai sed upon this las t 
abdomen rather pointed, a not ending ina syle; the 
antenne, tubercles, and red are = = es 
7th Species.—Aphis 
cie ote ae e found in 
— 
f this 
es Regeat delet like 
‘oun f Red Currant-trees ; they 
are of a yellowish-gre' Sista colour in their early Bice, 
approaching nearly to a fing at a more advanced Sak 
ith Roaeges ett of wings ; the co 
i 
uly: 
and pi ilose e texture. Thes ects emit a very powei 
smell, somewhat ‘esembliog ‘tat of the ‘Some of Aas 
tree. 
Span a oe 
8th S, —Aphis Cardui.—A dark-brown or almost 
| black Lat 8 ‘congregates together in dense masses np 
the stems of the mn This tle ; the anteone ste 
long as, or rather psa Ray the body ; proboscis pty 
and tubercles long 
th Specie 
writable Ligustri.—A very small but de- 
ee ee 
scot 
1 Fcalt + : 
the abdomen forming the fi 
erent ae —. 
ies that: although their nature | 
and quantity are in great measure influenced by pig com- 
position | of the subsoil and stony. substratum, yet it fre- | ¢ 
ivision. 
ficient in some of those vere ee s which the subsoil 
ols: soil b comes greatly 
improv y reading over the surface 
some of the decomposing Fra. dug from belo ow. The 
pa a of subsoil plow gph fi 
ae 
omprehend the who! 
ial ee vote an undertaking would extend to an almost 
en _ - Haris of plants upon which they ar nd 
subsi 
d the Sate ‘sabiag the second 
We shall now ap tate! give some account of 
e has fallen under our 
me ions 
i 
e fou 
mix! the mrnath with t! yar is ‘oral Prisert 
2 plough is a a to ek up and pulverise the soil 
depth below the surface, without bring- | 
ip turbed up to 
lf 
need not 
Isé Species.—Aphis 
= health of his 
f a considerable size 
an as ; dene Tubercles Longer than 
the agg n. 
s Rosz.—The cultivator of Roses 
be informed that t the beauty of his flowers and 
plants are materially ‘affected by Aphi des 
» which 
tructive species. 
thi are. at first of a straw-colour, with bro eyes, 
antenne, and tubercles; but they become ofa pari faa 
as they advance in age. have not as yet detected any 
weer he ted among Salleh tana | Mosley, Rolles- 
GE GARDENS.—No. XXXVI. 
COTTA 
ATTEND to the desi that w were m made last a _ 
see — the se = bynes 
season, 
p! of room, so as to keep them dwarf, 
e oody be 
the 
in consequence the subsoil is soon brought into a fit state | 
legs, antenne, and tubercles of a 
in the ee i ‘o the top; by this yrorone Ib uds an nd tender leaves, and surround the young shoots in 
Ge permecaolity Or 
heir usual por is aoa oo. with 
dark-br 
und 
° 
a cause their stems to be 
e 4 
to be mized with the ordinary soil, by the use ofa suitable them a few individuals may be fo of are eaiiah-Beoon running to seed in the spring 
the largest of these appear much swollen, and as | When ‘Suffered to remain — 
doubtless due to the greater openness conferred _ Upon | they are esi ake somes young in this state, it is over e day. nal ome he plants to 
the soil, which permits ‘a more perfect access of air and ewer that the sll are. —— females. ‘ They fre- a a distances. Attend . “hi ‘former rally om — 
moisture, sk is is general r 
easily | to para throughout i it; but at the ti at i the nese y Suna rv thie a iy cs Pe a ogee va . fon Stra 
= uds ; and owaane the youn ones partake of a | although many prefer wait ing w sprin; 
ters which are thus made joka ae — with the old ones, their — are not fully pig re for growing them ia the soner resid 
for toa use ni the: t to th page send ret be convenient adopted, we ae 
es necess: ina sabe in por tions of those substances, | Both sexes of this s Aphis are occasionally winged, but the | BOW recom he pla anting of the runners that 
bx ich enter into the composition of the angesps mj; but | majority of such winged insects as appear in the autumn | then S ecrtok ats erina pre! or in the borders ining 
is is by no means always th surface- | are males; these are ¢ remarkable, even before they homes the principal walk, to which they will serve as an ne: 
soil of a chalk district is not unfre rly wholly | winged, by he thorax e latter situation will probably be the most i 
destitute of calcareous or chalky rs, raged eae h in per 4 an indication of imperfect wings. The oe of a fii ‘or them, ined on, let ae 
situations are often greatly palo by spreading lime | males has a double row of black spots each side, and | ground be well sisinirel and dug. A line is ‘aiih 
bar the surface, It is therefore of high | importance to | im each sex, when the - _ attained their perfect state, — along the borders, at about fifteen inches rooted 
248 well as | the oa is term’ ya the walk, and the runners, which will now be fine F a 
sol itself soil, for by a judicious use of the former, the tail o Pee ag inclining aaa upwards. The wings are is are to be carefully removed with b dis- 
transparen| iridescent in certain lights. We m may attached to them, and inserted with i : A 
Fag wing effected in the quantity of manure required frequentiy oven ‘Singular nce of fifteen cr eighteen inches from one ano’ht™ | 
ss the | land. these insects, which in may remain in the nursery bed until spring, to salle: 
artificial of d saline compounds | all probability are the effect of gov A fall poeet any failure that may happen in the cou! nas of 
are very numerous, vga tk appiaility to —— of the peculiar habits of the Rose-Aphis will be found The fiower borders now begin to show nhac 
2 amet ingeneral, | a paper by Dr. Richardson, in the 41st volume of t the tumn, and quire frequent attention tol keep rv 
eo best which supply the e required | Philosophi eat and orderly. Such plants as have done florets 
toot ac pene tee ‘ae they yield nares and = for further information. and not — ripen be cut down, ane ntl 
the growing plants. Ashes, bone-dust, a This i t of a| their — rea whenever they become ‘unsightly 
im which the Pineapple or tad: pleut blor s found | Othe: sn, “like the Dablia, that are still in pe ite 
SF ae sre often mate use of a2 a aga Sack Tadenen aight on the stem and Aportons ae of me leaves of ae. common } shoul mmed and ied up; if ea keep the 
drawn outcaue po pein = to allow the Vines to be | Woodbine, and is generally of a dingy green colour; the | weedy, yor hoe through it and endea ur ant - 
The best plan is to have ates Sea a the wood is ripened. — and tubercles are shorter than those of bias e Rose. whole as neat and clean as possible. Le 9 laces 
moved while the Vines are in, and to be replaced while ther are | 4 ch | Pinks or Carnations that have struck root tot P . 
two front indows pn Ee Statin for Be eat betireen. the se of the f fi where they are intended to remain and flower gorda 
given to that space durin okie eal Air must be } altho — Sea pine not rire 80 oar as to find it in a | Prepare little ar bad planting Crocuses, or now be 
fr pore the femurs ow, When the Rowse mre aevotd [ie war caster wate eens | Saar pes favourite pring flowers, which al Oo 
( plar,) the slate thie ta aaa eee ; the | put into the 
and be taken off during their period core antenna ere all of a sal acts | sniddle of fob : 
iti hdc,” 
es 
[N° 3 | 
