VOLUME XXX NUMBER 3 
BOTANICAL (GAZEIee 
; SEPTEMBER, 1900 
ORIGIN OF THE CONES OF THE MULTIPOLAR SPIN- 
DLE IN GLADIOLUS. 
y ANSTRUTHER A. Lawson. 
(WITH PLATE XI!) 
RECENT investigation in cytology has gone far to establish 
the fact that multipolar spindles are of very general occurrence 
that the origin and development of the karyokinetic spindle in 
these plants is diametrically opposed to that which prevails in 
: the lower plants and animals. These observers believe that the 
Spindle, instead of being bipolar from the first and under the 
Control of a kinetic center, passes through a series of multipolar 
Stages in the course of its development. The problem has thus. 
come exceedingly interesting and important, and calls for vig- 
°rous and careful investigation. 
Multipolar spindles have been found in Lilium by Farmer 
(1893), in Larix by Belajeff (1894) and Strasburger (1896), 
in Equisetum by Osterhout (1897), in Lilium, Fritillaria, Helle- 
borus, Podophyllum, and Pinus by Mottier (1897, a and 4), in 
Hemerocallis by Juel (1897), in Chara by Debski (1897), in 
amia by Webber (1898), in Sagittaria by Schaffner (1898), in 
ymphaea and Nuphar by Guignard (1898), in Hesperaloe, 
Hedera, Disporum, Smilacina, Gladiolus, Iris, and Cobaea by 
Lawson (1898), in Passiflora by Williams (1899), in Solanum 
7 Nemec (1899), and in Convallaria and Potamogeton by 
legand (1899). 
145 
: + Ju hapod ba ~ at 
%n the higher plants. It is indeed held by many investigators. 
rs 
