174 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [SEPTEMBER 
them have disappeared, and are found in the fall of the sam 
year as lateral protuberances upon the fully developed portion 
of the tuber (dd, fig. 6). During the next spring they enlarge 
considerably, and later, as that portion of the tuber on which 
they are inserted becomes emptied and dies off, they are st 
free. Asa rule, they do not yet develop a leaf and roots in the 
same year, but remain dormant and sprout only in the second 
year after that in which their supporting leaves were vegetating. | 
The tuber always contains but one year’s growth ina fully deve! | 
oped state. 
The leaves and roots perish in July or August, and soon alt 3 
the berries ripen. During the germination of the seed, whic 
takes place in the following spring, the cotyledon, growing 
downwards, elongates so much that the growing point of 
stem of the seedling is located 8 to 10™™ below the seed (fig.1)- 
The upper end of the cotyledon, which remains in the 
swells up so as to form an ellipsoid sucker, which finally becom | 
about 5™™ long and displaces in part the emptying yee” 
While this is taking place the first foliage leaf sprouts out ‘ 
penetrates the earth with a knee-like nutation of its sak | 
fig. 1). Already the first root of the seedling, reaching a 
length and 0.75™" in thickness, is a little contractile at its bo 
although it does not become wrinkled. During the su 
development the little stem of the seedling swells bene 
below the insertion of the cotyledon, forming a little tuber 
of the latter, during the first year, two, or mostly tr 
dom four, adventitious roots are formed (fig. 2). Each 
these grows longer and thicker than its predecessoh © 
ops al ; The fourth 10% 
ps also a longer contractile region. a 
instance, is usually about 10™ long and gh thick; aud 
traction amounts within the space of 5% 40 per® 
total contraction amounts to about 10™™. I obsertee 
Specimens that by the work of the roots the little 
drawn down from 8'to 10™ during the first vegetative F 
So we find, at the end of the first period of growth, ; 
nal bud of the plant from 1 5 to 20™™ deeper than it Wi 
2 
