1900] PERENNIAL HERBS 179 
or four of them are found still attached to a bulb, indicating the 
places where the plant had rooted in former years. In case no 
runner is formed, the bulb advances from 2 to 6™™ every year, 
this being the distance of the points of rooting of the subsequent 
bulbs. Through the formation of a runner, the distance of the 
subsequent bulbs amounts to 3 to 10, being asa rule some- 
what smaller than the length of the runner, as the latter usually 
is curved, 
By the growth of the stalk uniting the subsequent bulbs, 
whether this stalk be short or long, the plant may suffer a dislo- 
cation both in horizontal and vertical direction. In both cases 
the position of the rhizome is somewhat singular, the side from 
which the roots are formed being turned upwards, and the side 
on which the bud arises downwards. Where a short stalk is 
formed, it is directed obliquely downwards and advances the 
plant a few millimeters in this direction. Where a runner is 
developed, it grows horizontally at the beginning, but later turns 
more or less vertically downwards, thus placing the new bulb 
Several centimeters jower. I found in an examination of about 
100 specimens the new bulb of the main runner on an average 
4.6 deeper than the old one, while the bulb of the smaller 
runner was sunken but half as deep. The extreme cases of sink- 
‘ng observed in the larger runner were 1% and 10, in the 
Smaller one o°™ and 6™, In full-grown flowering specimens a 
we to be formed but rarely, as I found in most of them 
de ae. es of several years’ growth close to the actual bulb, 
the yous aaa horizontally about 6™™ every year. in 
saints eek individuals also, even in a rather shallow posi- 
kind sh: orm a runner every year. Specimens of this latter 
wich I found had formed no runner during three years; 
others, which had devel ns: advo 
of it in tlh Grciase eveloped a runner this year, had been devol 
ast year’s sts Ing year, as was shown by the remnants of the 
Year, seemed 4 ; Others, furnished with a runner the present 
© have formed one also in the foregoing year, 
Since n ‘ E ‘ 
thei La the slightest indication of an old bulb was present in 
‘T neighborhood. 
= 
