1900] BRIEFER ARTICLES 205 
Any sort of construction which provides for the vertical camera 
and the horizontal shelf will answer, and several different forms are 
acimally inuse. Fig. 7 is sketched from a photograph of the appa- 
ratus in use at the Vermont Experiment Station. /ig. 2 shows amore 
elaborate form, designed by Mr. McFarland and used at the Mt. 
Pleasant Printery. The construction will be 
obvious in either case, and may be modified to 
suit individual needs. Lightness, rigidity, and 
portability are the chief requirements in an appa- 
— for field use; while in the studio the per- 
missible increase of weight makes a somewhat 
7 convenient construction available. Fig. 2 
renaoomed a studio camera-stand, adaptable for 
vertical : : 
as and horizontal work, making lan- 
es, enlargements, etc. 
ahe advantages of such an apparatus are: 
ty) It does away with nearly all trouble in 
rh eg the subject. Simply lay a plant 
me oO : 3 ? 
Ou th Wers, specimens of fruit, or other objects 
bat Pia shelf, and they stay where they are 
ut. In th . ; ‘ : 
REE Soe of si which will not always 
»,One s Fic. I. 
cine, -, robber rings : 
the fruit ; washers, z. ¢., rubber rings 3-4" in diameter. Set 
it into the ting, and i A 
ost any positi ’ it may be moved anywhere and put in 
desired. ‘Sheet on. (2) It allows one to arrange any background 
be success; . . cardboard in white, black, and neutral tints may 
I lvely tried behind th j 
t does away with sh e subject and the best one chosen. (3) 
disastrous in — shadows which are almost inevitable and frequently 
Considerably ae other method of plant photography. (4) It facilitates 
or all sorts of 4 work of making exact size photographs of objects. 
Ve all photogr i and fruit photography it is much the best way to 
This jg Oa (with a few necessary exceptions) made exact size. 
Negatives n y ¢esirable when one begins to have a collection of 
For ogarahegs into the thousands. 
orta : 
full Natural size = Plant, flower, vegetable, or fruit photography in 
tial, To obtai. camera with considerable bellows extension is essen- 
between the alec natural size image the lens must be equidistant 
focal len t and the ground glass of the camera at twice its 
sth. Thus iff 
»if fora plate of 614 x 8% inches a lens of 7% inches 
