408 BOTANICAL GAZETTE | DECEMBER 
mulberries occur Parmelia, Ramalina, Usnea, and other fruticose and 
foliaceous forms, while the smooth barked hollies, Persea, and Myrica 
are literally covered from the trunk out to branches of only two or 
three years’ growth with crustaceous Placodiums, Buellias, Lecidias, and 
others, in great variety of form and outline. One of the most striking 
species, occurring chiefly on the holly, forms brilliant blood red patches 
as large asthe hand. A trunk blotched with this, intermingled with 
others of various shades of yellow, green, brown, and black, each patch 
with its clear, black outline, and often dotted with fruits of a different 
color, is a veritable mosaic of color. 
In the lowest portions, near the middle of the banks, occur small 
pools of dirty water, bordered with sedges and grasses, and often also 
with stemless palmettos (Saéa/ Adansonia). In other, often well 
shaded, hollows dense patches of Saururus cernuus are found, and still 
other more open ones are completely covered with the gigantic 
Sagittaria lancifolia. Finally, among the shrubs and other herbs of 
these hollows are found three of the five pteridophytes seen on the 
banks. Those occurring here are Aspidium Thelypteris, Onoclea senst- 
bilts, and Osmunda regalis. Of the other two, Asplenium ebeneum 
occurs on the drier shaded portions, and Polypodium incanum, as 
noted above, is an epiphyte. 
At the inner edge of the encroaching sand plain the process of 
burying the old surface of the bank can be seen in all stages of prog- 
ress. Just in from the foot of the slope, that is, on the outer border 
of the forest, many of the trees are seen to be dead, though the sand 
has not yet touched them. The junipers and yaupons, however, pet 
sist, and even when buried to the waist in the slope of drifting sand 
still look fresh and green at the top. As one goes seaward from this 
border between the shifting sand and the forest, these few green tops 
finally disappear, and then for one hundred and fifty yards or more 
one finds only the dead tops of trees of which all but the upper third, 
that is about six or eight feet, have been buried by the sand. Of these 
tree tops those nearest the existing forest are mostly denuded of bark, 
and then a little farther out one sees that the soft sapwood has been 
entirely carved away by the furious blasts of sand. Yet in many CASED 
a hundred feet from the edge of the sand slope, they are still capped 
by dense mats of Berchemia, Ampelopsis, or Rhus, and on the leeward 
side of the branches many lichens still flourish. 
In the comparatively few days spent in examining these banks it 
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