64 THE GRAPu. 
around the margin of the excavated space, which will 
form a drain, three feet deep from the top, and one foot 
below the lower base of the borders; fill this trench with 
rough stones, or brick-bats, the rougher the better; after- 
wards fill in over the whole surface, about six inches of 
syster, or other marine shells if to be had readily, but if 
not, broken stones, or pieces of brick and lime rubbish 
will answer, and if a quantity of broken bones are to be 
got, strew them over the top of the other drainage ; cover 
this with turf-sods, or any rough utter, to prevent the soil 
from fallmg through and among tne drainage, and throw 
in the hereaved compost to one toot above the top level; 
this will give a depth of three feet, which will settle down 
about six inches, leaving the permanent depth two feet 
six inches, viz.: two feet below and six inches above the 
ground level. 
In some situations the origmal base will be a dead level, 
when the excavated surface ought to slope from the house 
towards the outside of the borders, which will cause the 
‘water to run the more readily towards the lower drains. 
Care should be taken in this respect. whatever the level 
may be, that the bottom is so arranged as to allow the 
water to escape freely ; the means of securing which will 
gceur to any ordinary mind, according to the level he may 
have to deal with. 
It may be thought, that with this amount of drainage, 
and raised, and not over deep borders, the soil will be- 
come too dry throughout the summer to maintain vigorous 
growth, but experience testifies to the contrary, for al- 
though the under parts will not be over wet, the moisture 
_ is equally divided through the whole, and if the upper 
_ surface be muleched, examination will prove: —_ 
: ee damp, and th 
lets are =— in every direction, each ching ite 
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