122 THE GRAPE. 
youngest one is now suffered to grow, and is in its turn 
cut off at the top, another brought up from the bottom. 
and the oldest cut clear out. Fig. 20 represents the three 
Fig 20. separate canes in their respective 
stages. Here we have the fruit always 
borne on young and vigorous wood, 
which generally produces the finest 
fruit; no spurring is required, and 
there is the advantage of a large bulk 
of leaves and branches, the former of 
which affords nourishment; and pro- 
motes the maturity of the roots; but 
the tops require somewhat more side 
room, and the vines ought to be planted 
a little further apart than is necessary 
where spurring is resorted to. Where 
avine is allotted only a certain space, this is one of the 
best methods of training, but it is unsightly, and if the 
same advantages can be gained otherwise, and at the same 
time beauty in appearance, it is certainly desirable to in- 
sure both. Now the first described mode accomplishes 
this object in the grapery a also retains a larger amount 
__ of solid structure in the form of a strong permanent stem, 
_ through which can flow an ample supply of sap to the 
leaves, and receive back the food, elaborated by them, 
_ down to the roots in a healthy way, and without any un- 
_ due excitement to the whole organization. 
~ But the best of all plans, and also the most ‘sine is, 
head 
: one vine may cover a large surface. Nature works by 
@rtain fixed iaws which man cannot alter, and any long 
Seseved attompe to force her to: swerve from ber ows 
stsnot be denied, that mach sucess ie obtained a 
