VINEYARD AND OUT-DOOR CULTURE. 163 
the viclent and sudden changes of weather for which our 
climate is so proverbial. The following explanation will 
aps show more clearly what is here meant. After 
making choice of a suitable soil and situation, and making 
sure that the subsoil is well drained, commence to trench 
with the spade, or plough deeply the whole piece. If 
the spade be used and the soil shallow, this operation may 
he performed as follows: Take out a trench at one side, 
three feet wide and one spit deep; wheel or cart this to 
the other end, then loosen up the under soil another spit, 
break it up well and leave it in the bottom; throw the 
next upper crust on the top of this, and so on until all is 
finished. Where a large extent is to be cultivated, it would 
become too expensive to trench, and the plough will have 
to do the work ; in which case, the subsoil plough ought to 
follow the top loosening. Where the soil is equally good 
be in good heart, and well incorporated with vegetable 
matter, but otherwise it is advisable to work in at the 
same time, from ten to fifteen tons of decomposed barn- 
yard dang to the acre; and if there be a _— of the 
alkaline bases, a dressing of lime and wood ashes will 
ptove very beneficial. Although the roots of the pe 
vine, when established delight in An open turfy soil, a 
_ eross ploughing and harro rrowing will be required to pul- 
verize, sufficiently, the soil before planting, and give the 
yeung fibres a better chanee to lay hold of it at first start 
The work, also, ought to be done during the summer or 
previous early fall, 80 as to get into good condition by th a 
wanted. 
time it may be w : 
There are many cultivators who think it absolutely 
cee ad — a 
