VINEYARD AND°OUT-DOOR CULTURE, 167 
to form terraces from the bottom upwards in width 
according to the steepness of asceut. If very abrupt, only 
one row of vines can be accommodated on each, but with 
a more gentle inclination the breadth may be sufficient 
for two or even three rows. The front will also require 
to he banked up to render the upper surface level, and 
there is nothing more suitable for the purpose than thick 
turfs of grass-sod, fixed on the edges, inclining from the 
perpendicular towards the bank. Generally speaking, 
these sods may be cut from the immediate surface, when 
a portion of each length to be laid out will furnish enough 
material for its own front, and as there is a right and a 
wrong in this operation, like most other things, it may be 
of service to show the right. When a bank of this charac 
ter is made of square sods. as seen in Fig. 30, they are 
subject to give wey ae the cng of the first summer, 
from the fact of the I holdfast. Fig. 31 
Fig. 30. Fig. 31. 
shows how this may be obviated, and the trouble or ex- 
pense of workmanship is the same in both cases. The 
ne to get these latter is, to simply cut down a few inches 
ward cut to the same width, with the line placed diagon- 
ally to the first cutting; which will give each individual 
sod of the right size and form to push together, by merely 
reversing the bevelled edge at each rise on the height. oe 
The trenching, plowing, manuring, &c., will be the same 
_ in this as the before-noticed plan. The = 
