CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS, 183 
der for the roots to grow in. nearly or quite reised above 
the ground level, which, from its drier capacity, will as 
sist the vines more fully to centralize their juices, and 
somewhat prevent the accumulation of too much crude 
fluid and unripened growth in the fall. 
MAW. 
Now that the severity of the season is over, we may 
look among the vines, and examine the effects of the ex- 
treme cold of the past winter. There will be instances, 
in very cold latitudes, where ‘the vines have excusably 
suffered ; but, in the majority of cases, the mischief has 
occurred through an over-damp or imperfectly drained 
sub-soil. Those under glass may be injured from the 
same cause, and from over-rich, deep borders, which 
tend to keep the canes in a growing state, and supplied 
‘with too much fluid, until the approach of winter, leav- 
ing no time before the frost sets in for the drying up or 
ripening off of the woody fibre. In in-door culture, some 
otection is afforded by the house, even though no fire- 
heat has been applied through the winter. True, we 
sometimes see examples where the exotics growing in 
the open air are nearly or i uninjured, leading us 
to infer that no covering is necessary. In the sir 
however, we must recollect ane much richer beds ar 
prepa’ pared for the roots, and, consequently, a large pata 
is p which requires longer time, and a drier 
atmosphere in the Fall, to evaporate the surplus jui res, 
considerati 
ing the vines in houses where fire-heat is not used. 2 
T have spoken thus minutely of this, as many practical 
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