CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS. 187. 
summer-pruning, and aad mt to the fruit ; there- 
fore, do not leave mvre branches than are necessary t¢ 
training. A reference to former chapters and cuts will 
show what is here meant. Let these young shoots 
ire some woody fibre at the base before tying-in, 
alse they will be liable to break off; but do uot delay 
the operation longer than necessary. Some persons use 
willow twigs and rye straw for this purpose ; the former, 
however, are troublesome, and the latter very unsightly, 
Good Russian bast will always be found more conven- 
ient, much neater, and quite as economical. As so 
weaker growth the weight should be correspondingly 
less, if good quality is the object. Keep a sharp look 
out sg insects, as they sometimes do much mischief at 
this time. There are several kinds of beetles and eater 
pillars which eat the young shoots, and likewise the 
stalks of the bunches. These should be destroyed by 
___ hand-picking early in the morning, when they are slug- 
_ gish and easily Seen There ‘a ales a gpa of Aphis, 
or small black fly, which congregate in great numbers 
on the young — and, by sucking shes juices, kill the 
tops of the shoots if they are not destroyed. Syringing 
with whale-oil soap dissolved in hot water, and after- 
wards diluted to the proportions of one pound of the 
soap to three arene of water, will be Peete e 
the next best it 
same way. It is not best to apply these materials while 
the blossoms are 
