238 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [SEPTEMBE 
ing to Loew the latter would correspond to the author’s Baustoffe, by which is 
understood substances which cause a differentiation of tissue, as into vegetative 
and reproductive. Such Reizstoffe arise or become governing under abnormal 
conditions and imply a disturbed equilibrium in the plant; while Baustoffe are 
normally active. Thus to an excess of carbohydrates caused by conditions favor- 
able to photosynthesis (abundant light and little moisture), but unfavorable to 
vegetation (reduced absorption), the author attributes an overproduction of 
flowers.—RayMonD H. Ponp. 
THE ADDRESS GIVEN by Professor GOEBEL last year at the Congress of Arts 
and Science in St. Louis has been translated by Professor F. E. Lioyp and pub- 
lished in Science.t° The subject was an assigned one, but could not have been 
more appropriate to the man and the occasion. The time was limited, so that 
the speaker was able only to outline rather than to develop his ideas; but the 
paper contains a statement of the relations between the old or formal morphology, 
phylogenetic morphology, and experimental morphology, from the standpoint 
of one of our most philosophical botanists, that will be illuminating and suggestive 
to many. All of the speaker’s views may not be accepted by all, but that he has 
indicated the most needed direction of morphological investigation in the imme- 
diate future can hardly be doubted.—J. M. C. 
BotiEy?° has announced that he has at last established definitely the fact 
that the uredospores of a number of rusts, including those of Puccinia graminis, 
can endure the winter uninjured. They were found successfully surviving upo? 
dead leaves, dead straw, etc.; those of P. graminis remaining unimpaired when 
exposed to the driyng winds of autumn and to the intense cold of a North Dakota 
winter. The uredospores of P. rubigo-vera were found wintering freely in Mis- 
sissippi, Texas, Illinois, Minnesota, and North Dakota, both upon living matured 
leaves and straw. The inference is drawn that although the aecidium stage May 
be a physiological necessity for the perpetuation of the species, its annual recur- 
rence Is not a necessity.—J. M. C 
Cockayne?" has studied the vegetation of the Open Bay Islands, two small 
islands three nautical miles from the coast of New Zealand (South Westland). 
The most important vegetation consists of thickets formed by lianes. The con- 
clusion is reached that “when attached to the mainland the present islands = 
have been occupied by subtropical evergreen rain-forest similar to that now exist: 
ing on the adjacent coast. After separation, as the area of the islands becamé 
smaller and smaller, and the climatic conditions more and more severe, only thon 
Plants specially adapted to such conditions could survive, and of these certain of 
_ %GorseL, K., The fundamental problems of present-day plant me 
Science N. S. 22:33-45. July 14, 1905. 
2° Botey, HENry L., New work upon wheat rust. Science N.S. 22: 50-5! a 
t Cockayne, L., Notes on the vegetation of the Open Bay ey 
N. Z. Inst. 37: 367-375. pl. 23. 1905. : 
