392 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
yards in too years,” or it ‘“‘would take 58,666 years to migrate 100 miles.” The 
estimate is further made that a species of Dipterocarpus which ranges from the 
Malay Peninsula to the Philippines could not cover that distance, if there was 
land connection, in less than ‘‘one and a half million years.” After the citation 
‘of numerous cases in each category, the general conclusion is reached that the 
winged seed or fruit is the slowest method of dispersal and is unable to cross any 
large stretch of sea; that the plumed seed or fruit, while adapted for quick 
dispersal over an open country. ‘‘is liable to be stopped in its migrations by dense 
-forests;” and that ‘‘powder-seed” is adapted to the most rapid and distant 
ispersal.—J. M. C. 
WorsDELL' has begun the publication of a series of papers entitled “The 
principles of morphology.” The first one deals with the alternation of genera- 
tions, and with the origin of the leafy sporophyte under which the theory of anti- 
thetic origin is approved and the opposing testimony of apogamy and apospory 
discredited; the conclusion being reached that ‘the three morphological cate- 
gories of organs, viz., the leaf, stem, and root, which have persisted and remained 
distinct each from the other ever since the antiphytic generation attained any 
development, find their natural origin, therefore, in the capsule, seta, and foot or 
sucker respectively of the primitive bryophytic sporogonium.” 
The second paper? discusses the evolution of the sporangium. The con- 
clusions are that the sporogonium of the primitive bryophyte is at once the 
homologue (1) of every type of foliar organ, (2) of every type of sporangiophore, 
(3) of every type of sporangium, (4) of the entire sporophyte. This is what he 
calls the doctrine of “variously graded” homologies. A concluding sentence 
is as follows: “The deductions from this idea are apparently, but only — 
ently, absurd; thus the sporogonium of a bryophyte must, for instance, be in | 
homologous both with an oak tree and with every single nucellus contained by 
every ovule of that oak tree.” Appearances are not always so deceptive as - | 
proverb would have us believe.—J. M. C. 2 
dealing chiefly with the flora of Georgia. One paper’ gives an account 
explorations in 1903 in the coastal plain. A second papers4 on Tax distinct 
it pretty evident that T. imbricarium and T. distichum are specifically 
and that they have well defined and different characters and habitats. In he 
the earlier paper, the reviewer was inclined to regard T. 4 ape see of 
logical variety. Pinus palustris3s was found at several stations at 
7124- 
3t WorDSELL, W. C., The principles of morphology. I. New Phytol. 4 
133- 1905. 
i , The principles of morphology. II. 
33 HARPER, R. M., Phytogeographical explorations in th 
in 1903. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 32:141-171. 1905 
34 , Further observations on Taxodium. 
Sig , Some noteworthy stations for Pinus palustris. 
Ibid. 4:163-170- 19° 
e coastal plain af Georg” 
Ibid. 32:105-115- 195° 
Torreya 5355-00 
