ip 
a 
1903] CURRENT LITERATURE 395 
were made on the morphology, stem anatomy, root, and tubercle. The author 
holds that plant characters are to be regarded as useful now as formerly, and that, 
especially in adverse conditions, useless characters are unlikely: to occur. Thus 
the structures of a desert plant like a cactus are presumably responses to desert 
conditions. DARBISHIRE does not favor the protective theory of spines, but he 
holds that these spines serve the purpose of light screens, whence he calls them 
paraheliodes—H. C. CoWLEs. ‘ 
PamMEL‘4 has recently published the results of his study in Iowa of the 
apple rust and of the fungi causing this well known disease. The account of 
each of five species of Gymnosporangium includes the important literature, its 
structure, and its polymorphism. Many original inoculation experiments are 
reported regarding the connection of the above species with the aecidial stage 
formerly included in the form genus Roestelia. As treatment the removal of 
the cedar trees is recommended wherever possible. Less favorable results from 
te apple trees were obtained than were reported by Emerson.4s—E. MEAD 
ILCOX. 
THERE IS BEGINNING to appear‘® in the New Phytologist a series of papers 
on the vegetation of various countries, the aim of which is less the presentation 
of the results of research than the awakening of further interest in the study of 
vegetation by making use of vivid personal sketches. The first papers deal 
with the shore vegetation of Ceylon, and there is a good account given of the 
typical tropical sand strand and of the mangrove and nipa formations. There 
are many cuts illustrating characteristic plant forms, and the description of 
the plant forms and formations is admirable——H. C. COWLES. 
*SCHERNIAJEW47 finds that temperature affects the intensity of the aerobic 
respiration of wounded plants (onion bulbs), but not the anaerobic. This was 
ascertained by determining the rate of exhalation of carbon dioxid at elevated 
(30°45°) and at ordinary temperatures (16°-19°). A higher — 
freases the intensity of aerobic respiration—the maximum, after wounding, 
appearing sooner than at ordinary temperature. Intramolecular — 
ral at both ordinary and elevated temperatures, decreases in intensity after 
g—Raymonp H. Ponp. 
ee has written a short account of an interesting Rhode Island bog, 
oe L- H., The cedar apple fungi and apple rust in Iowa. Bull. Iowa 
— 84:1-36. figs. I-II. 1905. ae 
1905 s MERSON, R. A., Apple scab and cedar rust. Bull. Neb. Exp. Stat. 99° 
* P§S.I-9. Bor. GAzETTE 40:149. 1995- : 
M TANSLEY, A. G., and Fritscu, F. E., Sketches of vegetation at home an 
abroad. I. The flora of the Ceylon littoral. New Phytol. 4:1-17> a Pea 
die “ TscHEernrajew, E., Ueber den Einfluss der Temperature auf a oe ght 
23: ‘nttamoleculare Atmung der verletzten Pflanzen. Ber. Deutsch. Dot. 
*207-211. 1905. 
48 
Cottins, J. F., Some interesting Rhode Ish 
Rhodora 6:149-15° 
1904. and bogs. 
