FLORA OF THE WHITE LAKE REGION, MICHIGAN, 
AND. ITS ECOLOGICAL RELATIONS. 
(WITH MAP) 
B.YoHie Ew 
WHILE passing the latter part of August 1899 at White 
lake, Michigan, an opportunity was given to study the flora of 
the vicinity. It proved interesting in its geographical and 
ecological relations, and was instructive as a representative 
example of similar areas by the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, 
with which I had had more or less acquaintance in past years. 
White lake is one of those bodies of water, or river-lakes as they 
have been termed, common in western Michigan, where a stream 
expands into a small lake before its entrance into Lake Michi- 
gan. The river properly ends at the head of the lake where it 
is bordered by a tract of marshy ground abounding in reeds, 
wild rice, and various aquatic plants growing in the sediment 
(eposited at its mouth and along its banks, and forming a filling 
Which continually encroaches on the ground once occupied by 
the lake waters. The lake narrows again into a short outlet of 
ng dimensions when it enters Lake Michigan. If the water of 
eae forming them is of sufficient volume these lakes 
sii 8 harbors, and become sites of cities and villages, 
The eir shores are often occupied by summer cottages. 
ee Primarily due to the geological structure of the 
mc 8S back to the changes of level which the great lakes 
y . to in Pleistocene times. Areas have been worn out 
Merged a degraded by meteoric and river waters, or sub- 
filled by ‘ oe, which subsequently have been partly 
the river’. nd driven in by westerly winds aided by deposits at 
Shore of us auch areas do not occur, on the western 
ei. € : ichigan in Wisconsin and Illinois. The eolian 
Principal one in the filling process, and the region 
419 
factor 
] 
