424 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JUNE 
of a few square rods on the top bordering the part against 
which the wind was acting I made a list of the following species : 
beech, sugar maple, red oak, black cherry, hemlock, white pine, 
white cedar, common juniper, witch hazel, poison ivy, two 
dogwoods ( C. stolonifera and C. Baileyi), and the willow, Salix 
Slaucophylla. On the ground the lesser growth was composed of 
Pyrola secunda, Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, Polygala paucifolia, Aralia 
nudicaulis, Campanula rotundifolia, Mianthemum Canadense, and 
Solidago caesia. The list of herbaceous plants could have been 
easily increased by walking about a little, but I purposely sat 
down so as to make a list in sight from a single point of view as 
a limitation. This was on a narrow crest of sand with a steep 
timbered slope to the south, and a still steeper one of bare sand 
to the north extending down to the low area of moving sand a 
hundred or more feet below. It was possible for all this variety 
of vegetation to be in time blown away, though the work of the 
wind was slow, for there was evidence at hand of what it had 
already done. It was also plain that the plants grew in a soil 
of sand so little compacted as to be easily moved by the wind 
when once the covering had been removed. 
In the sand plain north of the lake the herbaceous and 
shrubby flora was less diversified but still well represented in 
species. Where the oaks prevailed the tree covering was quite 
open. There were dense groves of young white pine, for the old 
trees had nearly all been removed to the sawmill. From the 
stumps which remained it was seen to have been a mixed forest 
of pine and oak at the time the trees were cut. The undergrowth 
varied according to the density of the tree covering and some- 
what according to its kind, whether of oak or pine. The common 
wintergreen, the pyrolas, and pipsissiwa were more generally 
found under the dense growth of pine. The usual ericaceous 
plants were Epigea repens, Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, Gaultheria 
procumbens, Pyrola secunda, P. chlorantha, P. elliptica, P. rotunal- 
folia, Gaylussacia resinosa, Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum, and V. 
vacillans. In somewhat more fertile areas or deeper humus soil 
Monotropa uniflora was frequent and M. Hypopitys was detected 
