426 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JUNE 
cedar, black ash, hemlock, cherry birch, paper birch, and white 
pine were variously intermixed. Alnus incana, Cephalanthus 
occidentalis, Ilex verticillata, Pyrus arbutifolia, Rosa Carolina, Salix 
discolor, and S. cordifolia were the more common shrubs. The 
damp shaded reaches along the streams showed such plants as 
Mitella nuda, Mitchella repens, Cornus Canadensis, Clintonia boreahs, 
Trientalis Americana, and Habenaria psycodes. Here the ferns 
obtained the proper conditions of growth and occurred in con- 
siderable variety. The most frequent were Aspidium Thelypterts, 
A. spinulosum, Osmunda cinnamomea, O. regalis, Asplenium 
Filix-foemina, A. acrostichoides, Onoclea sensibilis, Phegopteris 
Dryopteris, and Adiantum pedatum. Some of these, especially the 
last two, occurred in the drier area of beech woods along with 
the Pteris, though this was more abundant in the oak woods. 
The most interesting fern of the swampy ground was a Botrychium 
fernatum. It was abundant in a locality where the tupelo grew, 
and where the ground was also closely shaded by a larger fern, 
Osmunda regalis. The botrychiums were from three to twelve 
inches high, some so hidden that the fronds of the osmunda had 
to be pulled aside to find them. It was a peaty soil mixed with 
sand, so charged with humus as to be quite dark colored. Some 
grew on the hummocks made by the matted roots of the osmunda, 
the roots of the two ferns being interlaced, but they were more 
frequently seen in bare spaces between the hummocks, which in 
the early spring or rainy season must have been quite wet, or 
even have had water resting on them for atime. Some were 
growing in soil principally made of the much decayed remnants 
of a fallen tree. In all conditions it was a soil of a strongly 
humus composition. This wasa surprise to me, for in all previous 
collections or examinations of this fern the soil had been clay, 
often a rather stiff clay-loam, or sand as in the dune region 
east of Chicago. Finding the tupelo led me to search for another 
plant which I have quite generally found associated with it, 
Bartonia tenella. It was soon discovered on the little hummocks 
made by ferns, mosses, and other plants, or on abandoned ant hills 
beneath the trees. The association seems more than casual but 
may only be due to soil conditions. 
