446 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JUNE 
III. 1: 329-364. fds. 5. 1900.) The investigation of some of the grasses from 
the modern morphological standpoint has long been a destderatum, as they 
have had the reputation of being exceptional in certain features, and because 
of the question as to their primitive or reduced character. The author states 
his results in a remarkably clear and well organized summary, from which 
certain points bearing upon mooted questions may be noted. The lodi- 
cules are regarded as stipular rather than “ perianthal ;” the earlier growth of 
the stamen is mainly intercalary in the anther; the staminate archesporium 
is composed of a single row of cells, and each spore mother cell touches the 
tapetum ; the wall of the microsporangium consists of tapetum, middle layer, 
and endothecium; the generative nucleus divides in the pollen grain, and 
the male cells are elongated spindle-shaped; the archesporial cell of the 
ovule cuts off no tapetum; the four potential megaspores are formed in 
various ways, (1) by four nuclei without cell walls, (2) by the development 
-of four nuclei which later are separated by walls, (3) by the usual appear- 
ance of walls following each nuclear division, in which features there is a 
‘close resemblance to Eichhornia as investigated by R. Wilson Smith; the anti- 
podals multiply before the fertilization of the egg, becoming thirty-six or more 
in number, and begin to disorganize with the beginning of endosperm devel- 
opment, apparently serving to nourish the forming endosperm, as that in 
turn nourishes the embryo; the endosperm first aggregates about the form- 
ing embryo, a fact which seems to be correlated with the feeble develop- 
ment of the suspensor, which consists of but a single cell; in its development 
the embryo of Avena fatua illustrates all three of the “types” of Nérner; 
the cotyledon and the stem-apex are derived from the distal segment, the 
root, the root-cap, and periblem initials of the root from the middle segment, 
and the coleorhiza from the basal segment; the organs of the embryo 
originate in the distichous manner characteristic of the vegetative leaves of 
§rasses, 
It is to be regretted that the author’s material did not permit him to 
determine the fate of the second male cell, especially in a family in which 
the phenomenon of xenia occurs, which seems to be best explained as an 
evidence of double fertilization.— J. M. C 
Dr. ARNOLD GraF objects to the term cytology as far too general, and 
behavior to mechanical stimuli), including cyto-statics (conditions of equilib- 
rium) and cyto-dynamics (phenomena of motion, including cell-division 
maturation and fertilization, death and fro farte pathology); and 4) cyto- 
chemistry.—C. R. B. 
