TABLE 44.- 



Table 4*. 



MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. 

 •Ferrous Metals and Alloys — Iron and Iron Alloys. 



75 



Metal. 



Grade. 





03 'iJ 



c to 



.5 C 



Tensioa- 

 kg/mm^ 



>:a 



Ri3 



Tension 



lb/in2 



6iE.S 



«.9 



Hardness. 



Per cent. 



Brinell 



i at 3000 

 kg 



Sclero- 

 scope. 



Iron: 



Electrolytic* (remelt): as forged. . . 



annealed 900° C. 



Gray castt(i9 mm diam. bars) .... 



Malleable cast, American (after 



Hatfield) 



European (after Am. Malleable 



Castings Ass.) 



(run of 24 successive heats, I9i9)§ 

 Commercial wrought 



Silicon alloys 1 1 Si 0.01: as forged.. . 

 (Melted in vacuo) ann. 970° C 

 (Note: C max. o.oi per cent) 



Si 1.71 : as forged 



annealed 970° C 



Si 4.40 : as forged 



annealed 970° C 



Aluminum alloys If Al 0.00 : as forged 

 (Melted in vacuo) ann. 1000° C 

 (Note: C max. 0.0 1 per cent) 



Al 3.08 : as forged 



annealed 1000° C 



Al 6.24 : as forged 



annealed 1000° C 



34-0 



12.S 

 indet 



1 14.0 



^31-5 

 ,19.0 

 I28.0 



(195 



(22.5 



29-5 



II.O 



48.0 

 25.0 

 66.0 

 51.0 



35-5 

 12.5 



48.0 

 22.5 

 54-5 

 37-5 



38.S 

 27.0 



M7-5 

 (26.5 



(24-5 

 (40.0 



(29-5 



145-5 



40.8 



{340 



I37.0 



31-5 



24.5 



53-5 

 38.0 

 74.0 

 64-5 

 38.S 

 24-5 



54-5 

 37-5 

 60.5 

 49.0 



48,500 

 18,000 

 indet. 



( 20,000 

 (45,000 

 / 27,000, 

 [40,000 



( 28,000 



(32,000 



41,800 



16,000 



68,100 

 35,8oQ 

 94,000 

 72,900 

 50,700 

 17,600 



68,200 

 31,800 

 77,700 

 53,400 



55,000 



38,000 



( 25,000 



(38,000 



1 35,000 



(57,000 



/ 42,000 



(65,000 



58,000 



( 48,000 



(53,000 



45,200 



34,900 



76,300 

 54,200 

 105,000 

 91,600 

 54,700 

 34,900 



77,500 

 53,400 

 86,000 

 69,800 



33-0 

 52.0 

 negli 



|iS-o 



I 4.5 



, 6.0 



\ 2.0 



21.6 



(40.0 



1 30.0 



350 



53-0 



37-0 

 50.0 

 6.0 

 24.0 

 26.0 

 60.0 



21.0 

 51.0 

 28.0 

 27.0 



95 t 

 75 t 

 100 

 ,150 



83.0 

 87.0 

 gible 



n5-o 

 ( 4-5 

 / 6.0 

 ( 2.0 



(45-0 — 



I350 — 



78.0 — 



81.5 - 



82.0 

 90.6 



7-5 

 25.1 



84.3 

 93-5 



[24 



1 40 



(25 

 1 30 



76.4 

 8S-3 

 74-7 

 55-5 



Composition, approximate: 



Electrolytic, C 0.0125 per cent; other impurities less than 0.05 per cent. 



Cast, gray: Graphitic, C 3-o, Si 1.3 to 2.0, Mn 0.6 to 0.9, S max. o.i, P max. 1.2. 



A. S. T. M. Spec. A48 to 18 allows S max. o.io, except S max. 0.12 for heavy castings. 

 Malleable: American " Black Heart," C 2.8 to 3.5, Si 0.6 to 0.8, Mn max. 0.4, S max. 0.07, P max. 0.2. 

 European " Steely Fracture," C 2.8 to 3.5, Si 0.6 to 0.8, Mn 0.15, S max. 0.35, P max. 0.2. 

 Compressive Strengths [Specimens tested: 25.4 mm (i in.) diam. cylinders 76.2 mm (3 in.) long]]. 

 Electrolytic iron 56.5 kg/mm^ or 80,000 Ib/in^. 



Gray and malleable ca^t iron 56.5 to 84.5 kg/mnfi or 80,000 to 120,000 Ib/in^, 

 Wrought iron, approxmiately equal to tensile yield point (slightly above P-limit). 

 Density: 



Electrolytic iron 7.8 g/cm' or 487 lb/ft' Malleable iron 7.6 g/cm' or 474 lb/ft' 



Cast iron 7.2 g/cm^ or 449 Ib/ft^ Wrought iron 7.85 g/cm' or 490 lb/ft' 



Ductility: — Normal Erichsen values for good trade quality sheets, 0.4 mm (0.0156 in.) 



Thickness, soft annealed. Depth. 



mm in. 



Sheet metal hoop iron, polished 9.3 0.374 



Charcoal iron tinned sheet 7.5 0.29s 



Second quality tinned sheet 6.7 0.264 



Modulus of elasticity in tension and compression: 



Electrolytic iron .... 17,500 kg/mm^ or 25,000,000 Ib/in^ Malleable iron. . . 17,500 kg/mm^ or 23,000,000 lb/in' 



Cast iron 10,500 kg/mm^ or 15,000,000 Ib/in^ Wrought iron. . . . 17,500 kg/mm^ or 25,000,000 lb/in' 



Modulus of elasticity in shear: 



Electrolytic iron 7030 kg/mm^ or 10,000,000 Ib/in^ Cast iron 8450 kg/mm' or 12,000,000 Ib/in^ 



Wrought iron 7030 kg/mm^ or 10,000,000 \b/irfi 



Scleroscope hardness values shown are as determined with the Shore Universal hammer. 

 Strength in Shear: 



Electrolytic (remelt) Commercial wrought 



P-limit 8.4 kg/mm2 or 12,000 lb/in' P-limit 21. i kg/mm' or 30,000 lb/in' 



Ultimate strength 21. i kg/mm^ or 30,000 Ib/in^ Ultimate strength. . 33.0 kg/mm^ or 50,000 lb/in* 



Transverse strength, from flexure formula: 

 Gray cast iron 



Modulus of rupture, 33.0 kg/mm^ or 47,000 Ib/in^ 



"Arbitration Bar," 31.8 mm (li in.) diameter, or 304.8 mm (12 in.) span; minimum central load at rup- 

 ture 1130 to 1500 kg (2500 to 3300 lb.); minimum central deflection at rupture 2.5 mm (0.1 in.), (A. S. T. 

 _M. Spec. A 48-18). 

 * Properties of Swedish iron (impurities less than i per cent) approximate those of electrolytic iron, 

 t These two values of B. h. n. only are as determined at 500 kg pressure. 

 i U. S. Navy specifies minimum tensile strength of 14. i kg/mm^ or 20,000 Ib/in^. 



§ Averages for a U. S. foundry. ' 



II From T. D. Yensen, University of Illinois, Engr. Exp. Station, Bulletin No. 83, 1913 (shows Si 4.40 as alloy of 

 maximum strength). 



H From T. D. Yensen, University of Illinois, Engr. Exp. Station, Bulletin No. 93, 1917. 

 Smithsonian Tables. 



