92 



Table 69. 



MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. 



TABLE 69. — Stone and Clay Products. 



{a) SriiENGTlI AND STIFFNESS OF AlVUililCAN BuiLDING StONKS.* 



Stone. 



CJranilc. . . 

 M:irl)lc. . . 

 Limestone 

 Sandstone. 



Weight, 

 average. 



2.6 

 2.7 

 2.6 



2.2 



i(>5 

 170 

 160 

 13s 



Shear. • 

 Ultimate 



slreiiKth. 



A-.-erage. 



.60 



.90 



1. 00 



20 



2300 

 1300 

 1400 

 1700 



w tj 



Flexure, 

 modulus of elasticity. 



AvcraKc. 



5300 

 S7.5C 

 5900 

 2300 



l)/in2 



7,500,000 

 S, 200,000 

 8,400,000 



3,300,000 



25 

 50 



lOO 



* Values based on tests of American building stones from upwards of twenty-five localities, 

 made at Watertcnvn (Mass.) Arsenal (Moore, p. 184"). Each value shown under "Range" 

 is one half the difference between ma.ximum and minimum locality averages expressed as 

 a percentage of the average for the stone. 



(h) SxitENGTII AND STIFFNESS OF BAVARIAN BUILDING StONE.* 



llcxurc. 



Modulus of 



rupture. 



Average. 



0.90 

 0.30 

 1. 10 

 0.45 



1300 

 450 



'550 

 6.':o 





I'L'.xurc. 

 Modulus of 

 elasticity. 



Average. 



1600 

 3450 



2350 

 2500 



ll)/in» 



J, 300,000 

 4,900,000 

 3,350,000 

 3.550,000 



30 



* Values based on careful tests by Bauschingcr, " Communications," Vol. 10. 

 t Shearing strength deterniiued periicndicular to bed of stone. 

 i Values are for J urassic limestone. 



CenI'-.ual Notes. — i. Later transverse strength (flexure) tests on Wisconsin building stones 

 (Johnson's "Materials of Construction," 1918 ed., [). 255) show moduli of rupture as follows: 

 Cranile, 1.90 to 2.75 kg/mni'^ or 2710 to 3910 ll)/in-; limestone, o.So to 3.30 kg/mm* or 1160 to 

 46()0 lb/in"; sandstone, 0.25 (o o.()5 kg/mm'-' or 360 to 1320 Ib/in''^. 



2. Ciood slalc has a modulus of rupture of 4.90 kg/mm- or 7000 lb/in* {loc. cil., p. 257). 



Smithsonian Taulcs. 



