96 



MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. TABLE 72. — Hardwoods Grown in U. S. (Metric Units). 



Common and botanical 

 name. 



Alder, red 



{Alnus oresona) 

 Ash, black 



(Fraxinus nigra) 

 Ash, white (forest grown). , 



{Fraxinus americana) 

 Ash, white (second growth) 



(Fraxinus americana) 

 .\spen 



(Populus tremuluides) 

 Basswood 



(Tilia americana) 

 Beech 



{Fagus atropunicea) 

 Birch, paper 



(Belula papyri/era) 

 Birch, yellow 



(Betula lulea) 

 Butternut 



(Juglans cinerea) 

 Cherry, black 



(Prunus serotina) 

 Chestnut 



(Castanea dentata) 

 Cottonwood 



{Populus dcltoides) 

 Cucumber tree 



{Magnolia acuminata) 

 Dogwood (flowering) 



(Cornus Jlorida) 

 Elm, cork 



(Uhnus racemosa) 

 Elm, white 



(Ulmus americana) 

 Gum, blue 



{Eucalyptus globulus) 

 Gum, cotton 



{Nyssa aquatica) 

 Gum, red 



{Liquidambar styraciflua) 

 Hickory pecan 



{llicoria pecan) 

 Hickory, shagbark 



{Hicoria ovata) 

 Holly, American 



{Ilex opaca) 

 Laurel, mountain 



{Kalmia latijolia) 

 Locust, black 



{Robinia pseudacacia) 

 Locust, honey 



{Cleditsia Iriacanthos) 

 Magnolia (evergreen) 



(Magnolia foelida) 

 Maple, silver 



{Acer saccharinum) 

 Maple, sugar 



(Acer saccharum) 

 Oak, canyon live 



(Quercus chrysolcpsis) 

 Oak, red 



(Quercus rubra) 

 Oak, white 



(Quercus alba) 

 Persimmon 



(Diospyros virginiana) 



Poplar, yellow 



(Liriodendron tulipijera) 

 Sycamore 



(Platanus occidenlalis) 

 Walnut, black 



(Juglans nigra) 

 Willow, black 



(Salix nigra) 



Specific 

 gravity, 

 oven-dry, 

 based on 



vol. 

 when 



green. 



0.37 

 0.46 

 0.52 

 0.58 

 0.36 

 0.33 

 O.S4 

 0.47 

 O.S4 

 0.36 

 0.47 

 0.40 

 0.37 

 0.44 

 0.64 

 o.sS 

 0.44 

 0.62 

 0.46 

 0.44 

 0.60 

 0.64 

 0.50 

 0.62 

 o.6j 

 0.60 

 0.4J 

 0.44 

 0.55 

 0.70 

 0.56 

 0.60 

 0.64 

 0.37 

 0.46 

 o-Si 

 0.34 



vol. 

 oven- 



dry. 



Static bending. 



0.43 

 O.S3 

 0.60 

 0.71 

 0.42 

 0.40 

 0.66 

 0.60 

 0.66 

 0.40 

 0-53 

 0.46 

 043 



O.S2 

 0.80 

 0.66 



O.S4 

 0.80 

 0.52 

 O.S3 

 0.69 



0.61 

 0.74 

 o. 71 

 0.67 



0-53 

 0.51 

 0.03 

 0.S4 

 0.65 

 0.71 

 o. 7,3 

 0.42 

 O.S4 

 0.56 

 0.41 



2.65 

 I. S3 

 3-45 

 4.30 

 2.05 

 1.90 

 3-iS 

 2.05 

 3-25 

 2.0s 

 2.9s 

 2. 20 

 2.05 

 2.95 

 3-40 

 3.25 



2.SS 



5-35 

 2.9s 

 2.60 

 3.65 

 4-iS 

 2.40 

 4.10 

 6.20 

 3.95 

 2.55 

 2. 20 

 3.50 

 4-45 

 2.60 

 3-30 

 3-95 

 2.2s 

 2.30 

 3.80 



1-25 



a 

 ■oa 



3 . 



-a j> 



4-5S 

 4. 20 

 6.40 

 7.60 

 3-75 

 3 -SO 

 S-8o 

 4. 10 

 6.05 

 3.80 

 5.6s 

 3-95 

 3-75 



S.20 



6. 20 

 6.70 

 4.8s 

 7.8s 

 S-iS 

 4.80 

 6.90 

 7.7S 

 4-SS 

 S-90 

 9.70 



7. 20 

 4.80 

 4. 10 

 6.40 

 7.4s 

 S-40 

 5.8s 

 7.05 

 3.9S 

 4.60 

 6.70 

 2.75 



s 

 -a 



8 



830 

 720 

 930 



iiSo 

 S90 

 72s 

 87s 

 710 



1080 

 6S0 

 920 

 65s 

 710 



1 100 

 830 

 840 

 725 



1430 

 740 

 810 

 960 



iioj 

 630 

 630 



1300 

 910 

 780 

 660 



1040 

 945 

 910 

 880 

 96s 



850 

 745 



1000 



395 



Impact bend- 

 ing. 



5.60 

 5- 10 

 8.2s 

 9.70 

 4-8s 

 4-35 

 7-30 

 5-50 

 8.2s 

 5.15 

 7. 20 

 5-55 

 5.05 

 6. 55 

 S.oo 

 7-75 

 5-70 



10.00 

 6.30 

 7-05 

 8.6s 



lo. 10 

 6.2s 



7. 20 

 12.90 



8.30 

 6.20 

 4.80 



8. so 

 7.90 

 7-3° 

 7-SS 

 8.50 

 S.6s 

 6. 20 

 8.40 

 3 -So 



10 



0.36 

 o.Si 

 o.gi 

 1. 19 

 0.71 

 0.43 

 1 .02 

 1. 14 

 1.02 

 0.61 

 0.84 

 0.61 

 0.53 

 o. 76 

 1.47 

 1.27 

 0.86 

 1.02 



0. 76 



0.84 

 1.35 



1.83 

 1.30 

 0.81 

 1. 12 



1. 20 

 1-37 

 0.74 

 0.91 

 1. 20 

 1.04 

 1.07 

 1.04 

 0.43 

 0.84 

 0.94 

 o.gi 



Compression. 



Parallel 

 to grain. 



P- Ulti- 



limit mate. 



kg/ mm- 



H 



1.8s 

 I-I5 

 2.30 

 2.70 

 1. 10 



1. 20 

 1.80 

 1.20 

 1.90 

 1.40 

 2. 10 

 1-45 

 1.25 

 1.95 



2.00 

 i.6o 

 3.40 

 1. 95 

 1.70 

 2. IS 

 2.40 

 1.40 



4.40 

 2.35 

 1-55 

 1-35 



2. 20 

 2.83 

 1. 6s 

 2.10 

 2.15 

 1.40 

 1.70 

 2.53 

 0.70 



12 



2. 10 

 1.60 

 2.70 

 2.90 

 I. SO 

 1-53 

 2.30 

 i-SS 

 2.40 

 1.73 

 2.50 

 1-75 

 i.6o 



2.20 

 2.55 

 2.70 

 2.00 

 3.70 

 2.40 



1-95 

 2.80 

 3 .20 

 1.8s 

 3.00 

 4.80 

 3-IO 

 1.90 

 1-75 

 2.80 

 3-30 

 2.25 

 2.30 

 2.93 

 1.80 

 2.00 

 3.05 

 i.os 



Shear. 





13 



0.31 

 O.S7 

 0.36 

 0.14 

 0-13 

 0.43 

 o. 21 

 0.32 



O. IJ 



0.31 



o. 27 



0.17 



o. 29 



0.73 

 0.53 



0.23 



0.72 



0.42 

 0.32 



0.63 

 0.70 

 0.43 

 0.78 

 1. 01 



I.OO 



0.40 



0.32 



O.S3 

 1.04 

 O.SI 

 O.S9 

 0.78 

 0.22 

 0.32 

 0.42 

 O.I5 



2 M 

 rt.d 



Ten- 

 sion. 



14 



0-54 

 0.61 

 0.89 

 I 13 

 0.44 

 0.43 

 0.8s 

 0.56 

 0.78 

 0.53 

 o.So 

 o.s6 

 0.48 



0. 70 

 1.07 

 0.89 

 0.6s 

 1.09 

 0.84 

 0.7s 

 1.04 

 0.93 

 0.80 

 1. 18 

 1.24 

 1. 17 

 0-73 

 0.74 

 o 97 



1. 20 

 0.79 

 0.83 

 103 

 0.56 

 0.71 

 0.S6 

 0.44 



p. S' 



04 



15 



o. 27 

 0.33 

 0.44 



Note. — Results of tests on sLxty-eight species; test specimens, small clear pieces, 30.8 by 50.8 mm in section, 762 mm long 

 for bending; others, shorter. Data taken from Bulletin ss6, Forest Service, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, containing data on 130,00^ 

 ttets. See pages 87 and 99 for e.'cplanatioa of columns. 

 Smithsonian Tables. 



