loS 



Table 93. 



COMPRESSIBILITY QF SOLIDS. 



If V is the volume of the material under a pressure P megabars and Fo is the volume at atmospheric pressure, thMJ 

 the compressibility /S = — (i/l'o) (dV/dP). Its unit is cmVmegadyncs (reciprocal megabars). ioV/3 is the bulk modu- 

 lus in absolute units (dynes/cm*). The following values of /3, arranged in order of increasing compressibility, are for 

 P = o and room temperature, i megabar = lo" dynes = 1.013 kg/cm^ = 0.987 atmosphere. 



Substance. 



Tungsten 



Eoron 



Sihcon 



Platinum 



Nickel 



]\IoIybdenum. . . , 



Tantalum 



Palladium 



Iron 



Gold 



Pyrite 



Copper 



Manganese 



Brass 



Chromium 



SUver 



Mg. silicate, crys 



Aluminum 



Calcite 



Zinc 



Tin. 



Gallium 



Cadmium 



Compres- 

 sion per 

 unit vol. 

 per mega- 

 bar X 10* 



o. 27 



0.3 



0.32 



0.38 



0.43 



0.46 



OS3 



0.54 



0.60 



0.60 



0.7 



0.7s 



0.84 



0.89 



0.9 



0.99 



1.03 



1-33 



1-39 



1.74 



1. 89 



2.09 



2. 17 



Bulk 

 modulus, 

 dynes/cm' 



X 10^ 



3-7 



30 



31 



2.6 



2-3 



2. 2 



1.9 



1.9 



1.67 



1.67 



1.4 



1-33 



1.19 



1. 12 



1. 12 



1. 01 



0.97 



0.7s 



0.72 



0.57 



O.S3 



0.48 



0.46 



Reference. 



3 

 ii 2 



4 



I) 2 

 4 

 1-3 



S 

 I, 2 



Substance. 



Plate glass 



Lead 



Thallium 



Antimony 



Quartz 



Magnesium 



Bismuth 



Graphite 



Silica glass 



Sodium chloride... 



Arsenic 



Calcium 



Potassium chloride 



Lithium 



Phosphorus (red) . . 



Selenium 



Sulphur 



Iodine 



Sodium 



Phosphorus (white) 



Potassium 



Rubidium 



Calcium 



Compres- 

 sion per 

 unit vol. 



Eer mega- 

 ar X io« 



2.23 



2. 27 



2.3 



2.4 



2.7 



2.9 



30 



30 



31 



4.12 



4-S 



5-7 



7-4 



9.0 



9.2 



12.0 



12.9 



130 



IS. 6 



20. s 



31-7 



40.0 



61.0 



Bulk 

 modulus. 



dynes/cm^ 

 X1012 



0-4S 



0.44 



0.43 



0.42 



0-37 



0.34 



0.33 



0.33 



0.32 



o. 24 



0.22 



0-I7S 



O.I3S 



O. Ill 



o. 109 

 0.0S3 

 0.078 

 0.077 

 0.064 

 0.049 

 0.032 

 0.02s 

 0.016 



Reference. 



4 

 ii 2 



Note. — Winklemann, Schott, and Straulel (Wied Ann. 6i, 63, 1897, 68, 1899) give the following coeffi- 

 cients (among others) for various Jena glasses in terms of the volume decrease divided by the increase of 

 pressure expressed in kilograms per square millimeter: 



No. 



665 



1299 



16 



278 



Glass. 



EarytborosUicat 



Natronkalkzinksilicat 



Compres- 

 sibility. 



7S20 

 5800 

 4530 

 3790 



No. 



2IS4 



S 20S 



500 



S 196 



Glass. 



Kalibleisilicat 



Heaviest Bleisilicat 



Very Heavy Bleisilicat 



Tonerdbont with sodium, baryte 



Compres- 

 sibility. 



3660 

 355° 

 3SIO 

 3470 



The following values in cmVkg of lo^ X Compressibility are given for the corresponding temperatures by 

 Griineisen, Ann. der Phys. 33, p. 65, 1910- 



Al — 191°, 1.32; 17°, 1.46; 125°, 1.70. 

 Cu — 191°, 0.72; 17°, 0.77; 165°, 0.83. 

 Pt — 189°, 0.37; 17°, 0.39; 164°, 0.40. 



Fe — 190°, 0.61; 18°, 0.63; 165°, 0.67. 

 Ag — igi°, 0.71; 16*, 0.76; 166°, 0.86. 

 Pb — 191°, (2.5); 14°, (3.2). 



References to Table 92, p. 107: 



(i) Bridgman, Pr. Am. Acad. 49, i, 1913; 



(2) Roentgen, .A.nn. Phys. 44, i, 1891; 



(3) Pagliani-PaLazzo, Mem. Acad. Lin. 3, 18, 1883; 



(4) Bridgman, Pr. Am. Acad. 48, 34i. 1912; 



Is) Adams, Williamson, J. Wash. Acad. Sc. 9, Jan. 19, 

 1919; 



(6) Richards, Boyer, Pr. Nat. Acad. Sc. 4, 389, 191S; 



(7) Richards, J. Am. Ch. Soc. 37. 1646, 191S; 



(8) Bridgman, Pr. Am. Acad. 47, 381, 1911; 



{■)) Amagat, C. R. 73, 143> 1S72; 

 do) Amagat, C. R. 63, 1170, 1869; 



(11) Amagat, Ann. chim. phys. 29, 68, 503, 1893; 



(12) de Metz, Ann. Phys. 41, 663, 1890; 



(13) Adams, Williamson, Johnston, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 



41, 27, 1919; 



(14) CoUadon, Sturm, Ann. Phys. 12, 39, 1828; 



(15) Quincke, Ann. Phys. 19, 401, 1803; 



(16) Richards et al. J. Am. Ch. Soc. 34, 9S8, 191 2. 



References to Table 93, p. 108: 



(i) Adams, Williamson, Johnston, J. Am. Ch. Soc. 41, 39, 

 1919; 



(2) Richards, ibid. 37, 1646, 1915; 



(3) Bridgman, Pr. Ain. Acad. 44, 279, 1909; 47, 366, 1911; 



(4) Adams, Williamson, unpublished; 



(5) Richards, Boyer, Pr. Nat. Acad. Sc. 4, 388, 1918; 



(6) Voigt, Ann. Phys. 31, i^St, 36, i888. 



Smithsonian Tables. 



